VIJAY KUMAR AHLUWALIA AND ORS Vs. BISHAN CHAND MAHESHWARI AND ANR
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Civil), 1546 of 2017, Judgment Date: Feb 07, 2017
It is a settled principle of law that while considering the grant of
leave to contest the eviction proceedings under the Rent Laws, the
Authority/Court is not expected to examine the merits and demerits of the
grounds raised in the application for grant of leave to contest and if the
Authority/Court finds that the grounds raised prima facie disclose a
defence which, if accepted, may result in non-suiting the landlord from
claiming eviction, the tenant is entitled to obtain leave to contest the
eviction proceedings on merits. In this case, we find that the appellants-
tenant have made out such grounds and are, therefore, entitled for grant of
leave to contest the eviction proceedings filed by respondent No.1 against
them on merits.
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No.1546 OF 2017
(Arising out of SLP (C) No.23890/2014)
Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia & Ors. ….Appellant(s)
VERSUS
Bishan Chand Maheshwari & Anr. …Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.
1) Leave granted.
2) This appeal is filed against the final judgment and order dated
04.08.2014 passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in RCR No. 76 of
2013 whereby the High Court dismissed the revision filed by the appellants
herein against the judgment dated 13.08.2012 of the Additional Rent
Controller, Delhi by which the leave to contest the application filed by
the appellants-tenant has been dismissed and the eviction petition under
Section 14(1)(e) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958 (hereinafter referred
to as “the Act”) filed by respondent No.1 was decreed.
3) We herein set out the facts, in brief, to appreciate the issue
involved in this appeal.
4) One Miri Mal was the owner of the shop situated on the ground floor
of property bearing No. 1548/V, Nai Sarak, Delhi-110 006 (hereinafter
referred to as “the suit shop”). Miri Mal let out the suit shop to one Ram
Prakash in 1944 on monthly rent of ‘Ek Ana’. Miri Mal died in 1974 leaving
behind his widow-Smt. Ram Piari, who became the owner/landlady of the suit
shop by inheritance. After the death of Miri Lal, Ram Piari started
collecting rent from Ram Prakash. Ram Prakash died in 1989 leaving behind
his son (appellant herein). Smt. Ram Piari died issueless in 1994.
5) Almost after 17 years of the death of Smt. Ram Piari, on 28.07.2011,
Respondent No.1 herein claiming to be the adopted son of Miri Mal and Smt.
Ram Piari, filed an application under Section 14(1)(e) of Act seeking
appellants’ eviction from the suit shop being Case No. E-167/2011.
Respondent No.1 sought eviction, inter alia, on the ground that he is the
adopted son of Miri Mal and Smt. Ram Piari, therefore, became the owner and
landlord of the suit shop on their death as their adopted son by
inheritance. Respondent No.1 sought eviction on the ground of his bona
fide need to start a business in the suit shop.
6) In order to prove his ownership over the suit shop, respondent No.1
filed some documents which included one adoption deed dated 14.03.1978
alleged to have been executed by Smt. Ram Piari.
7) The appellants, on receipt of the summons of the application, filed
an application with an affidavit under Section 25B(4) of the Act by raising
grounds therein and sought leave to contest the application filed by
respondent No.1 for eviction. Since the issue relating to the ownership of
respondent No.1 over the suit shop, on the strength of adoption deed
surfaced for the first time in these proceedings, the appellants in his
leave to contest the application denied the ownership of respondent No.1
over the suit shop so also the relationship of landlord and tenant between
them. The appellants also denied the bona fide need set up by respondent
No.1 contending, inter alia, that alternative suitable accommodation in the
building in question is available to respondent No.1 on other floors and
hence the plea of bona fide need is not genuine. These were essentially the
grounds on which the appellants sought leave to contest the application on
merits.
8) Respondent No.1 denied the averments made by the appellants in the
application for leave to contest. The appellants then filed rejoinder and
reiterated their grounds already taken in the application for leave to
contest.
9) By order dated 13.08.2012, the Additional Rent Controller dismissed
the application filed by the appellants for leave to contest and passed an
eviction order against the appellants from the suit shop.
10) Felt aggrieved by the said order, the appellants filed revision
before the High Court. By impugned judgment dated 04.08.2014, the High
Court dismissed the revision.
11) Challenging the order of the High Court, the appellants have filed
this appeal by way of special leave before this Court.
12) Heard Mr. Nikunj Dayal, learned counsel for the appellants and Mr. S.
Gurukrishna Kumar, learned senior counsel for respondent No.1. Respondent
No.2 refused to acknowledge the receipt of the service of notice issued to
him under registered cover. This refusal on the part of respondent No.2 is
deemed as proper service.
13) Learned counsel for the appellants (tenant) while assailing the
legality and correctness of the impugned order contended that the Rent
Controlling Authority and the High Court erred in dismissing the
appellants’ application for leave to contest the eviction application filed
by respondent No.1. It was his submission that keeping in view the grounds
raised by the appellants in the application, especially, three grounds,
namely, first, relating to ownership of respondent No.1 over the suit shop,
second, the existence of the relationship of landlord and tenant between
them and, third, the availability of alternative suitable accommodation in
the same building for accomplishing the need, prima facie, a case is made
out to contest the respondent No,1’s application for eviction on merits.
The Rent Controlling Authority and the High Court should have, therefore,
granted leave to contest respondent No.1’s application on merits on these
grounds.
14) In reply, learned senior counsel for respondent No.1 supported the
impugned order and contended that no case is made out to interfere in the
impugned order which, according to him, is based on proper reasoning
calling no interference in this appeal.
15) Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and on perusal of
the record of the case, we find force in the submissions of the learned
counsel for the appellants.
16) The short question, which arises for consideration in this appeal, is
whether the Courts below were justified in rejecting the application filed
by the appellants under Section 25B(4) of the Act for grant of leave to
contest the eviction proceedings filed by respondent No.1 against the
appellants under Section 14 (e) of the Act on merits?
17) In our considered opinion, the application filed by the appellants
under Section 25B(4) of the Act seeking leave to contest the eviction
application of respondent No.1 should have been allowed to enable the
appellants (tenant) to contest the eviction application on its merits. In
other words, keeping in view the grounds raised by the appellants, we are
of the opinion that a prima facie case was made out entitling the
appellants to contest the application of respondent No.1 on merits. The
grounds raised by the appellants, if accepted, could result in dismissal of
respondent No.1’s eviction application thereby disentitling him to claim
appellants’ eviction from the suit shop.
18) We find that the ground relating to proof of ownership of respondent
No.1 over the suit shop, which was based on the alleged adoption deed set
up by him, for the first time, after 17 years coupled with the ground in
relation to devolution of tenancy between the parties after the death of
Smt. Ram Piari and lastly, the ground relating to bona fide need and
availability of the alternative accommodation did disclose prima facie
facts within the meaning of sub-sections 4 and 5 of Section 25B of the Act
to contest the eviction application of respondent No.1 on merits.
19) It is, inter alia, for the reasons, though prima facie, that,
firstly, the appellants had not attorned to respondent No.1 as the owner of
the suit shop and, in turn, his status as landlord; Secondly, there was no
evidence to prove the existence of relationship of landlord and tenant
between the parties; and Thirdly, specific averments were made by the
appellants to show availability of alternative accommodation to satisfy the
need of respondent No.1, if it really existed.
20) The aforesaid grounds, in our view, were sufficient for granting
leave to the appellants to contest the eviction application of respondent
No.1 on merits.
21) It is a settled principle of law that while considering the grant of
leave to contest the eviction proceedings under the Rent Laws, the
Authority/Court is not expected to examine the merits and demerits of the
grounds raised in the application for grant of leave to contest and if the
Authority/Court finds that the grounds raised prima facie disclose a
defence which, if accepted, may result in non-suiting the landlord from
claiming eviction, the tenant is entitled to obtain leave to contest the
eviction proceedings on merits. In this case, we find that the appellants-
tenant have made out such grounds and are, therefore, entitled for grant of
leave to contest the eviction proceedings filed by respondent No.1 against
them on merits.
22) In the light of foregoing discussion, we are unable to concur with
the reasoning and the conclusion arrived at by the Rent Controlling
Authority and the High Court.
23) As a result, the appeal succeeds and is accordingly allowed. The
impugned judgment and the order passed by the Additional Rent Controlling
Authority dated 13.08.2012 in E-167/2011 (Annexure-P-6 of SLP) are set
aside. As a consequence thereof, the application filed by the appellants
under Section 25B(4) of the Act dated 29.08.2011 (Annexure P-3 of SLP) is
allowed. The appellants-tenant are granted leave to contest the application
filed by respondent No.1 under Section 14 of the Act on merits.
24) The eviction case filed by respondent No.1 being Case No. E-167/2011
out of which this appeal arises is accordingly restored to its original
file before the Additional Rent Controlling Authority for its disposal on
merits in accordance with law.
25) The appellants are directed to deposit the entire arrears of rent
payable from the date of application filed by respondent No.1 for their
eviction and continue to deposit the monthly rent on or before 15th of each
month at the rate determined by the High Court till final orders are passed
by the Rent Controlling Authority. Failure to deposit the arrears
including monthly rent, as directed herein, would result in refusal to
contest the eviction proceedings.
26) Let the arrears be deposited within one month. Depending upon the
result of the final order, appropriate orders for payment of rent deposited
be passed.
27) Before parting with the case, we consider it apposite to mention that
we have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the grounds raised by
the parties. The Rent Controlling Authority would, therefore, decide the
case on merits strictly in accordance with law without being influenced by
any of our observations made in this order.
28) Since the matter relates to eviction, we direct the Rent Controlling
Authority to decide the same expeditiously.
………...................................J.
[J. CHELAMESWAR]
…...……..................................J.
[ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]
New Delhi;
February 07, 2017
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