UNION OF INDIA & ORS. Vs. V.K.KRISHNAN & ORS.
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Civil), 2532 of 2010, Judgment Date: Feb 17, 2015
-
As stated hereinabove, seniority list for employees working in different grades should be different and there cannot be any common seniority list for all the employees working in one particular group. -
We, therefore, set aside the impugned judgment affirming the order of the Tribunal and also direct that according to the provisions of the aforestated paras contained in the Manual, the appellants shall prepare different seniority lists for employees working in different grades.
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.2532 OF 2010
Union of India & Ors. ... Appellants
Versus
V.K. Krishnan & Ors. ... Respondents
WITH
C.A. Nos. 1972-1973 of 2015
(@ S.L.P. (C) Nos.10172-10173 of 2012)
WITH
C.A. Nos. 1974-1975 of 2015
(@ S.L.P. (C) Nos.14651-14652 of 2012)
WITH
C.A. Nos. 1976-1977 of 2015
(@ S.L.P. (C) Nos.19708-19709 of 2012)
J U D G M E N T
ANIL R. DAVE, J.
Leave granted in all the special leave petitions.
2. A common question of law is involved in all these appeals and
therefore, at the request of the learned counsel appearing in these
appeals, all these appeals have been heard and decided together.
3. The issue involved in these appeals is with regard to interpretation
of some of the paras of Indian Railway Establishment Manual, 1989
(hereinafter referred to as 'the Manual'). We are mainly concerned with
interpretation of paras 180, 189 and 320 of the Manual. For the purpose of
deciding these appeals, we have taken facts from Civil Appeal No.2532 of
2010, which is the main matter in this group of matters.
4. Before adverting to the real issue, in our opinion, it would be
proper to deal with the subject, which pertains to preparation of seniority
lists and promotion of railway employees from one group to another and from
one grade to another within the group. Railway services have been mainly
classified in four groups. In the instant case, we are concerned with
services included in different grades in groups C and D. In each group,
there are different grades and the employees working in the lowest grade in
one group get promotion to the higher grade within the group. When an
employee is in the highest grade in a group, he would get promotion to the
higher group and the promotion is given on different basis, with which we
are not concerned.
5. Group D is the lowest group having different grades, as stated
hereinabove. The persons working in a particular grade would be having
same pay scale though they might be working in different branches i.e.
different persons working in one grade, who would be having same pay scale,
might be working in different departments or different branches with
different qualifications and different nature of work. For the purpose of
service conditions and for the purpose of higher promotion, persons
belonging to one grade are treated equally.
6. So far as the facts of Civil Appeal No.2532 of 2010 are concerned,
all the respondents were initially working in group D, which is the lowest
group as per the railway set-up. Out of respondent nos.1, 2 and 3,
respondent nos.2 and 3 were promoted to a higher post of Pointsman 'B' in
group C, whereas respondent no.1, who was having the longest service in
group D, had not been promoted and therefore, he had approached Central
Administrative Tribunal with a grievance that he had been denied benefit of
promotion.
7. After hearing the concerned parties, the Tribunal had allowed
Original Application No.1761 of 1998 on 21st June, 2001 and had directed
that respondent no.1, who was the applicant before the Tribunal, should be
considered for promotion on the basis of his seniority.
8. Union of India, the appellant herein, was aggrieved by the
aforestated order passed by the Tribunal and had, therefore, approached the
High Court of Kerala by filing O.P. No.14500 of 2003. Vide judgment dated
27th November, 2007, the Original Petition filed by the Union of India has
been dismissed and therefore, the Union of India has filed the present
appeal.
9. The case of respondent no.1, who was working as a substitute porter
in group D, was that he was having longer service in group D than
respondent nos.2 and 3 and therefore, case of respondent no.1 ought to have
been considered for promotion and he ought to have been promoted to the
higher post in group C as respondent nos.2 and 3 had been promoted. It is
an admitted fact that so far as length of service in group D is concerned,
respondent no.1 was having longer service than respondent nos.2 and 3.
10. As stated hereinabove, in one particular group, there are employees
working in different grades and the grades are also having a different
hierarchy and a person working in the lowest grade within the group on the
basis of his seniority or merit or both, as the case may be, is promoted to
a higher grade within the group. As stated earlier, we are not concerned
with the basis on which promotion is given from one grade to another or
from one group to another. The question here is whether a person working
in one grade of a lower group can get promotion on the basis of his
seniority in his group irrespective of the length of service rendered in a
particular grade. So as to understand the issue in a better perspective,
hypothetically we may say that there are four grades in group D viz. I, II,
III and IV; grade IV being the lowest and grade I being the highest. A
person working in the lowest grade i.e. in grade IV would get promotion to
grade III, then to grade II and then to grade I. After he has been placed
in grade I of group D, he would get promotion to the lowest grade in group
C, which is a higher group.
11. It is an admitted fact that respondent no.1 was working in the lowest
grade of group D, as a substitute porter, whereas respondent nos.2 and 3
were working in the highest grade in group D. Respondent no.1, though
having longer service in group D, was in a lower grade than respondent
nos.2 and 3 in group D service. For the aforestated reason, respondent
nos.2 and 3 were promoted to a higher post, namely, in the lowest grade of
group C from the highest grade of group D, whereas respondent no.1, who was
in the lower grade of group D, was not promoted to a group C post. To be
able to get promoted to a post in group C, one must be in the highest grade
of group C and admittedly respondent no.1 was not in the highest grade of
group C and being in a lower grade than respondent nos.2 and 3, respondent
no.1 could not have been promoted along with respondent nos.2 and 3.
12. In our opinion, the Tribunal as well as the High Court committed an
error while coming to the conclusion that simply because respondent no.1
had a longer service in group D, he should also have been promoted along
with respondent nos.2 and 3, who were working in a higher grade in group D.
13. Para 180 of the Manual, which relates to promotion to higher grades
in group D and C posts, reads as under :
"180. Transportation (Traffic) and Commercial Department. - All railway
servants in the lowest grade should be eligible for consideration for
promotion to higher grades in both the Transportation and Commercial
brnches. Applications should be invited from amongst categories eligible
for promotion from both the branches. All Railway servants who apply will
be considered. An adhoc seniority list will be prepared on the basis of
length of continuous service in the grade and suitable men selected and
placed on a panel for training. Systematic and adequate training and
examinations or tests must precede actual promotions."
(emphasis supplied)
Relevant portion of para 189, which pertains to promotion to a higher grade
in group C, is as under:
"189. Promotion to higher grades in Group 'C' :-
Railway servants in Group 'D' categories for whom no regular avenue of
promotion exists 33-1/3% of the vacancies in the lowest grade of Commercial
Clerks, Ticket Collectors, Trains Clerks, Number Takers, Time Keepers, Fuel
Checkers, Office Clerks, Typists and Stores Clerks etc. should be earmarked
for promotion. The quota for promotion of Group 'D' staff in the Accounts
Deptt. to Group 'C' post of Accounts Clerks will be 25%.
.................................."
Para 320 of the Manual reads as under :
"320. RELATIVE SENIORITY OR EMPLOYEES IN AN INTERMIDIATE GRADE BELONGING TO
DIFFERENT SENIORITY UNITS APPEARING FOR A SELECTION/NON-SELECTION POST IN
HIGHER GRADE.
When a post (selection as well as non-selection) is filled by considering
staff of different seniority units, the total length of continuous service
in the same or equivalent grade held by the employees shall be the
determining factor for assigning inter-seniority irrespective of the date
of confirmation of an employee with lesser length of continuous service as
compared to another unconfirmed employee with longer length of continuous
service. This is subject to the proviso that only non-fortuitous service
should be taken into account for this purpose."
14. Let us now look at the provisions of para 180 of the Manual first.
The said para pertains to promotion to higher grades in group D and group C
posts. According to the said para, all railway employees in the lowest
grade should be eligible for consideration for promotion to higher grades
in the transportation and commercial branches. The said para further deals
with a preparation of seniority list. According to the said para, an ad
hoc seniority list is to be prepared on the basis of length of continuous
service in the grade and for the purpose of promotion, a suitable person is
selected and placed on a panel of training. The aforestated content of para
180 clearly denotes that seniority lists of the employees are to be
prepared on the basis of length of continuous service in different grades.
This clarifies that there cannot be one seniority list for all the
employees working in different grades in one particular group. In other
words, there would be different seniority lists in one particular group and
each seniority list will contain list of employees working in one
particular grade or there may be different sub-seniority lists of employees
working in different branches of one grade. Promotion will be given from
lower grade to higher grade in one group and for that purpose, seniority
list of the lower grade will be taken into account. Once a person gets
promotion to the higher grade, his name will be included in the seniority
list of the employees of the higher grade. For clarity once again, we may
give an illustration that a person who is in grade IV, as hypothetically
stated hereinabove, upon getting promotion to grade III, would get his name
included in the seniority list of employees working in grade III and he
would be eligible to be promoted to grade II. It may happen that a person
working in grade IV, who has not been promoted for whatever reasons to
grade III, though having longer service as an employee working in that
group, may not get promotion to grade II because he is still working in
grade IV and in such an event, a person who might be having lesser service
in grade III than the employee having a longer service in grade IV or in
that group, may get promotion to grade II. From grade II, an employee gets
promotion to grade I and thereafter he gets promotion to the lowest grade
in the higher group. This appears to be the normal mode of promotion.
15. So far as Civil Appeal No.2532 of 2010 is concerned, respondent no.1
was in the lowest grade of group D, whereas respondent nos.2 and 3, though
having lesser length of service in group D, were in the higher grade of
group D and therefore, they got promotion to the post of Pointsman B in
group C.
16. As respondent nos.2 and 3 were employees working in the higher grade
of group D than respondent no.1, respondent no.1 cannot make any grievance
with regard to promotion of respondent nos.2 and 3 to a higher post in
group C.
17. For the aforestated reason, the Tribunal as well as High Court
committed an error by giving a direction to the appellant to consider the
case of respondent no.1 for promotion to the post to which respondent nos.2
and 3 were promoted.
18. Para 189 pertains to the promotion to higher grade in group C. As
per the provisions of para 189, when an employee working in group D, who
has no regular avenue for promotion in group D, i.e. when he is in the
highest grade in group D, he becomes eligible for promotion to a group C
post. Group C posts are also divided into different grades. Upon getting
promotion from the highest grade of group D, a person gets promotion to the
lowest grade in group C. Para 189 gives details as to how the promotion is
to be given to an employee working in the highest grade of group D and how
many posts are reserved for such employees who have no avenue for further
promotion in their group D.
19. So far as maintenance of seniority is concerned, para 320 stipulates
that there would be different seniority lists for persons who are in
equivalent grades. It may happen that different persons might be working
in different branches or different units doing different type of work, but
they are in one grade, i.e. in one pay scale, and a seniority list for
those persons working in one particular grade would be a common seniority
list. Thus, it is very clear that seniority list shall be different for
each grade and in that event a person working in one particular grade would
be promoted to the higher grade on the basis of his seniority in that
particular grade.
20. The aforestated position is so clear that the learned counsel
appearing for the appellants had hardly to make any further submission to
substantiate his case. According to him, the Tribunal as well as the High
Court had committed an error by looking at the length of service of
respondent no.1 in group D. True, that respondent no.1 was appointed
earlier in point of time than respondent nos.2 and 3, but because of their
ability respondent nos.2 and 3 had been promoted to higher grades earlier
and therefore, they got an opportunity to get promotion to a higher post,
whereas respondent no.1, who was working in a much lower grade as a
substitute porter, could not get promotion like respondent nos.2 and 3.
21. On the other hand, it had been submitted by the learned counsel
appearing for respondent no.1, who, according to him, had been superseded,
that a common seniority list for employees in different group should have
been maintained and on the basis of length of service an employee should be
given promotion to the higher group or grade. According to him, seniority
was most important and on the basis of seniority of respondent no.1, he too
should have been promoted as it is an admitted fact that respondent no.1
was appointed earlier to respondent nos.2 and 3 in the railway service.
22. It had been further submitted by the learned counsel appearing for
the employees who had not been promoted that for the purpose of giving
promotion to higher group, i.e. from group D to group C, overall seniority
of an employee working in the railways should be considered. According to
his interpretation, para 189 provides that promotion should be given on the
basis of seniority and that seniority should be seniority in the group and
not in the grade. For the aforestated reasons, it had been submitted by
the learned counsel appearing for the employees who had not been promoted
by the railways that the impugned judgment affirming the order of the
Tribunal was just and proper and therefore, the main appeal should be
dismissed and appropriate orders should also be passed in all other appeals
on the same principle.
23. Upon hearing the learned counsel appearing for the parties and
looking at the legal position which we have already discussed hereinabove,
we are of the view that the Tribunal as well as the High Court were not
right while giving a direction to the appellants that the case of
respondent no.1 should be considered for promotion.
24. In our opinion, respondent no.1 was rightly not promoted to the
higher group because he was not in the highest grade of group D. Respondent
no.1 was in a lower grade whereas respondent nos.2 and 3 were in the
highest grade of group D. Without getting promotion to the highest grade
in his own group D, the said respondent could not have claimed promotion to
a higher group, i.e. group C. Respondent no.1 was working as a substitute
Porter, which is the lowest grade in group D, whereas respondent nos.2 and
3 were working in the grade which was much above than the grade in which
respondent no.1 was working, though they had been appointed later in a
point of time than respondent no.1 in the railway service. As stated
hereinabove, seniority list for employees working in different grades
should be different and there cannot be any common seniority list for all
the employees working in one particular group.
25. We, therefore, set aside the impugned judgment affirming the order of
the Tribunal and also direct that according to the provisions of the
aforestated paras contained in the Manual, the appellants shall prepare
different seniority lists for employees working in different grades.
26. Civil Appeal No.2532 of 2010 is, therefore, allowed with no order as
to costs.
27. So far as other related appeals are concerned, they have been filed
by the persons who are similarly situated, like Respondent No.1 in the main
matter, i.e. Civil Appeal No.2532 of 2010, who had not been promoted. No
separate arguments were advanced on their behalf. From the facts stated
hereinabove, in our opinion, they do not have any right to be promoted,
especially when they were not in the highest grade of group D. Therefore,
their appeals would fail and are dismissed with no order as to costs.
.......................................J.
(ANIL R. DAVE)
.......................................J.
(SHIVA KIRTI SINGH)
NEW DELHI;
FEBRUARY 17, 2015.