Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)

Appeal (Civil), 5158 of 2009, Judgment Date: Jan 28, 2016

                                                                  Reportable
                        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

                        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                        CIVIL APPEAL No.5158 OF 2009

Tmt. Kasthuri Radhakrishnan & Ors.                            ……Appellant(s)


                             VERSUS


M. Chinniyan & Anr.                                          ……Respondent(s)


                               J U D G M E N T
Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.
1)    This appeal is filed by the plaintiffs against the final judgment  and
order dated 11.07.2007 passed by the  High Court of Judicature at Madras  in
Civil Revision Petition No. 337 of 2002 whereby the High Court  allowed  the
revision petition  filed  by  respondent  No.1  herein  and  set  aside  the
judgment dated  28.06.2001 of the  Principal  Subordinate  Judge,  Erode  in
R.C.A. No. 5 of 2001 and order of eviction dated 31.10.2000  passed  by  the
Rent Controller (I Addl. District Munsif), Erode in RCOP No. 26 of 1998.
2)    In order to appreciate the  issue  involved  in  this  appeal,  it  is
necessary to set out in brief the relevant facts  in  relation  to  eviction
case out of which this appeal arises and  also  state  the  facts  of  three
cases filed by the parties in respect of  the  suit  premises  because  they
were referred to in the proceedings out of which this appeal arises.
3)     The  appellants  (plaintiffs)  are  the  wife  and  sons  of  one  A.
Radhakrishnan.  The suit  premises  bearing  Door  No.  S-3,  Periyar  Nagar
Housing Unit, Erode Town, comprised in T.S. No.  909/3,  Block  No.  17  and
598/2 Part, Ward 1, Block 20, Surampatti Village, Erode  Taluk,  Erode  sub-
District, Erode Registration District was allotted to   A.  Radhakrishan  by
Tamil Nadu Housing Board. In fact, entire area was acquired by  the  Housing
Board  and  one  house  site  therein  was  allotted  to  A.  Radhakrishnan.
Subsequently, A. Radhakrishnan made construction on  the  site  allotted  to
him.
4)    On 22.02.1987, A. Radhakrishnan executed a general power  of  attorney
in favour of one V. Dhanapal and nominated him to administer and manage  the
suit premises on his behalf.
5)    One N. Kalidass was in occupation of the suit premises as tenant.   On
04.02.1988, he vacated and surrendered the possession of the  suit  premises
to Dhanapal.  Thereafter respondent No.1  took the suit  premises  on  lease
rent from Dhanapal under a written lease deed dated 12.02.1989 for a  period
of 11 months on a monthly rent of Rs.850/- and paid  Rs.4000/-  as  advance.
Respondent No.1 then obtained possession of the suit  premises  and  started
residing therein with his family.
6)    The appellants, however, came to know that  A.  Radhakrishnan  without
their knowledge entered into a sale agreement dated 30.07.1987 to  sell  the
suit premises to one A.S. Pongianna. The appellants,  therefore,  instituted
a suit being O.S. No. 53 of 1989 (re-numbered as O.S.549/1989) in the  Court
of District Judge, Erode and sought a declaration that  the  sale  agreement
dated 30.07.1987 was neither valid and nor binding on them and  also  sought
a  permanent  injunction  against  A.  Radhakrishnan  restraining  him  from
executing  the  sale  deed  in  favour  of  A.S.  Pongianna  and  delivering
possession of the suit property to him. In this suit, respondent No.  1  was
impleaded as one of defendants.
7)    Respondent No.1 filed  a  written  statement  in  the  aforesaid  suit
reiterating therein that he was inducted in the suit premises  as  a  tenant
under a lease deed dated 12.02.1989 for a period of  11  months  at  monthly
rent of Rs.850/- and on the expiry of the contractual period  of  lease,  he
continued to remain in the suit premises as a tenant.
8)    Respondent No.1 also, in the meantime, filed a suit being O.S. No.  87
of 1989 in the Court of Subordinate Judge, Erode  against  A.  Radhakrishnan
and the appellants  herein  seeking  permanent  injunction  restraining  the
appellants from dispossessing them from the  suit  premises.   According  to
respondent No.1,  he was a tenant and was put  in  possession  of  the  suit
premises by Dhanapal, the power of  attorney  holder  of  A.  Radhakrishnan,
pursuant to a lease deed dated 12.02.1989 for a period of  11  months  at  a
monthly rent of Rs.850/-. He also alleged that  since  the  appellants  were
dissatisfied with the rent fixed under the lease deed, therefore, they  were
attempting to dispossess him from the  suit  premises.   In  this  suit,  on
22.02.1990, A. Radhakrishnan filed a written statement  stating  inter  alia
that respondent No.1 was put in possession  of  the  suit  premises  as  his
tenant and that he had already cancelled the power of attorney  executed  by
him in favour of Dhanapal by executing a registered cancellation deed  dated
13.03.1989.
9)    Since A. Radhakrishnan was refusing to accept the rent  from  February
1989, respondent No.1 filed a petition bearing R.C.O.P. No. 2 of 1991  under
Section 8(5) of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and  Rent  Control)  Act  in
the Court of the Rent Controller of Erode. In the  meantime  on  23.09.1994,
A.  Radhakrishnan  expired  intestate  leaving  behind   him   the   present
appellants as his class I heirs and one daughter  –  Tmt.  R.  Kanjana.  The
appellants thus became the owners of the suit premises by inheritance.
10)   On 14.10.1998, respondent No.1 through his advocate sent a  notice  to
the appellants  herein  and  Tmt.  R.  Kanjana,  the  daughter  of  late  A.
Radhakrishnan, claiming that upon payment of Rs. 1 lakh on 08.05.1988,  A.S.
Pongainna  had  assigned  his  rights  in  the  agreement  dated  30.07.1987
executed between him and late A. Radhakrishnan, in  his  favour,  therefore,
he called upon the appellants to execute the sale deed of the suit  premises
in his favour.
11)   The appellants then filed Eviction Petition bearing  R.C.O.P.  No.  26
of 1998 in the Court of the Rent Controller (District Munsif) Erode  against
respondent No. 1 out of which the present appeal arises seeking eviction  of
respondent  No.1  from  the  suit  premises  under  Sections  10   (2)   and
10(3)(a)(i) of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent  Control)  Act  1960
(in Short “the Act”). The eviction was sought essentially  on  two  grounds,
namely,  willful  default  in  paying  monthly  rent  since  12.02.1989  and
secondly, bona fide need for the use and residence of the appellants in  the
suit premises because according to the  appellants  they  were  residing  in
rented accommodation and had no other suitable house of  their  own  in  the
city where they could live.
12)   Vide order dated 21.12.1998,  the  Court  of  the  Subordinate  Judge,
Erode decreed O.S. No. 87 of 1989  filed  by  respondent  No.1  against  the
appellants on the basis of an endorsement made by the appellants and  passed
a permanent injunction restraining the appellants from interfering with  the
peaceful enjoyment of respondent  No.1  over  the  suit  property  and  from
dispossessing him till he was evicted under a due process of law.
13)   Vide order dated 05.01.1999, O.S. No. 53/1989  (which  was  renumbered
as O.S. No. 549/1989) was dismissed as not pressed by the appellants.
14)   So far as the eviction petition out of which  this  appeal  arises  is
concerned, the Rent Controller allowed RCOP No. 26  of  1998  filed  by  the
appellants  vide  order  dated  31.10.2000  and  directed  the  eviction  of
respondent No.1 from the suit premises. It was held that the appellants  are
the owners/landlords of the suit premises. It was also held that  respondent
No. 1 is in occupation of the suit premises as tenant. It was  further  held
that respondent No. 1 has committed willful default in  paying  the  monthly
rent and being a defaulter in payment of rent is liable to be  evicted  from
the suit premises. It was also held that the  appellants  have  proved  bona
fide need for their personal residence in the  suit  premises  because  they
were living in the rented house at a  place  called  Salem.  The  appellants
were, therefore, held entitled to claim eviction of respondent  No.  1  from
the suit premises on these findings.
15)   Against the said  order,  respondent  No.1  filed  an  appeal  bearing
T.C.A. No. 5 of 2001 in the Court of Subordinate Judge,  Erode.  Vide  order
dated 28.06.2001, the subordinate Judge, Erode  dismissed  the  said  appeal
and confirmed the judgment passed by the Rent Controller.
16)   Against the said order,  the  respondent  filed  a  revision  petition
being C.R.P. No. 337 of 2002 before the High  Court.   The  High  Court,  by
judgment  dated  19.12.2003,  dismissed  the  revision  petition  filed   by
respondent No.1.
17)   Respondent no. 1 then filed  an  application  seeking  review  of  the
order dated 19.12.2003 passed by the High Court in C.R.P. No. 337 of 2002.
18)    The  High  Court  by  judgment  dated  05.02.2007,   allowed   Review
Application No. 91 of 2004 filed by the respondent No.1.
19)   As a result of review being allowed C.R.P. No. 337/2002  was  restored
to file for its hearing on merits. The High Court, this  time,  by  impugned
order dated 11.07.2007 allowed the revision filed by respondent No.1 on  two
legal grounds and set aside the order of the first appellate Court and  also
of Rent Controlling Authority.  As  a  consequence,  thereof,  the  eviction
petition (RCOP No.26 of 1998) filed by the  appellants  was  dismissed.   It
was held  that  the  eviction  petition  filed  by  the  appellants  is  not
maintainable because the daughter of Late A. Radhakrishnan, Tmt. R.  Kanjana
was not made a party to the eviction petition.  According to the High  Court
she being one of the co-owners of the suit premises was  a  necessary  party
to eviction petition.  It was also held that appellants failed to  establish
the relationship of landlord and tenant with the respondent No.1 and on  the
other hand it appeared  that  tenancy  in  relation  to  suit  property  was
between Dhanapal and respondent No.1.   The  High  Court  thus  allowed  the
respondents’ revision essentially on these two grounds
20)   Aggrieved by the said judgment, the appellants have filed this  appeal
by way of special leave before this Court.
21)   Heard  Mr. Nikhil Nayyar, learned counsel for the appellants  and  Mr.
B. Adinarayan Rao, learned senior counsel for respondent No.1 and  Mr.  Amit
Gupta, learned counsel for respondent No.2.
 22)  Mr. Nikhil Nayyar, learned counsel appearing for the appellants  while
assailing the legality and correctness of the  impugned  order  urged  three
submissions.
23)   In the first place, learned counsel  submitted  that  the  High  Court
having rightly dismissed the revision petition filed by respondent  No.1  in
the first round erred in allowing the review  petition  of  respondent  No.1
and in any event after its restoration erred in  allowing the said  revision
petition.  It  was  his   submission   that   the   High   Court   committed
jurisdictional error in  interfering  in  its  revisionary  jurisdiction  in
upsetting well reasoned concurrent findings of facts recorded  by  the  Rent
Controller and the first appellate Court in appellants’ favour and that  too
on two grounds, which were not urged before  the  Rent  Controller  and  the
appellate Court by respondent No.1.
24)   In the second place, learned counsel urged that two legal  grounds  on
which the High Court  allowed  the  revision  petition,  namely,  that  non-
joinder of one of the co-owners of the suit property (daughter  of  late  A.
Radhakrishnan) to the eviction petition was fatal to the filing of  eviction
petition and secondly,  the  appellants  were  not  able  to  establish  the
relationship of landlord and tenant with respondent No.1 in relation to  the
suit premises, have no merit and deserve rejection.
25)   Elaborating this submission, learned counsel contended that so far  as
the first ground is concerned it is untenable in the light of the  law  laid
down by this Court in Dhannalal Vs. Kalawatibai and  Others,  (2002)  6  SCC
16, wherein it is laid down that it is not necessary to implead all the  co-
owners of the suit premises in eviction petition and even if some of the co-
owners have  filed  the  eviction  petition,  it  is  maintainable  in  law.
According to learned counsel since this finding was  recorded  by  the  High
Court without taking into consideration the law laid down by this  Court  in
the case of Dhanalal (supra), the same deserves to be set aside.
26)    Learned  counsel  also  pointed  out   that   in   any   event,   the
aforementioned infirmity was cured by the appellants factually  because  the
daughter of late A Radhakrishnan, Tmt R. Kanjana was later added as a  party
in the eviction proceedings.
27)   In the third place, learned counsel urged that so far  as  the  second
ground is concerned, namely, respondent No. 1 was inducted  by  Dhanapal  in
the suit premises and not by the appellants and, therefore,  the  appellants
were not able to establish their relationship of landlord  and  tenant  with
respondent No.1 also has no merit for  the  reason  that  Dhanapal  did  not
execute the tenancy agreement  with  respondent  No.1  in  his  capacity  as
owner/landlord of the suit premises but executed the said tenancy  agreement
on behalf of late A. Radhakrishnan as his power of attorney holder.
28)   Learned counsel pointed out that in these circumstances any  act  done
by Dhanapal in relation to suit premises including creation of  tenancy  was
an act done for and on behalf of A. Radhakrishnan. It was, therefore,  urged
that  the  tenancy  was,  as  a  fact,  between   A.   Radhakrishnan   being
owner/landlord of suit premises and respondent  No.1  as  his  tenant  which
later devolved on the appellants after the death  of  A.  Radhakrishanan  by
operation of law thereby conferring a right on the appellants  as  co-owners
of suit premises to file the eviction petition against respondent  No.1  for
his eviction from the suit premises.
29)   Lastly, learned counsel contended that on the aforementioned  grounds,
which had no substance,  the  High  Court  could  not  have  set  aside  the
concurrent findings of facts recorded in appellants’  favour   by  the  Rent
Controller and the first appellate Court, which had ordered the eviction  of
respondent No.1 from the suit premises.
30)   In reply, learned counsel for respondent No.1  supported the  impugned
judgment  and  contended  that  it  deserves  to  be  upheld,   calling   no
interference therein.
31)   Having heard learned counsel for the parties and  on  perusal  of  the
record of the case, we find  force  in  the  submissions  urged  by  learned
counsel for the appellants.
32)   Before we proceed to examine the issues  raised  in  this  appeal,  we
consider it apposite to take note of the law laid  down  by  this  Court  on
three issues which are involved in this appeal, viz., issue in  relation  to
revisional jurisdiction  exercised  by  the  High  Court  in  rent  matters;
second, the scope of inquiry to examine the title of  the  landlord  of  the
suit premises in eviction matters; and third, whether all the  co-owners/co-
landlords of suit premises are necessary parties in  the  eviction  petition
filed under the Rent Laws and lastly  law  relating  to  power  of  attorney
executed by principal in favour of his agent.
33)   So far as the issue pertaining to exercise of revisional  jurisdiction
of the High Court while hearing revision petition arising  out  of  eviction
matter is concerned, it remains no more res integra and  stands  settled  by
the Constitution Bench of this  Court  in  Hindustan  Petroleum  Corporation
Limited vs. Dilbahar Singh  (2014)  9  SCC  78.   Justice  R.M.  Lodha,  the
learned Chief Justice speaking for the Bench held in para 43 thus:
“43. We hold, as we must, that none of the above Rent Control Acts  entitles
the High Court to interfere with the findings of fact recorded by the  first
appellate court/first appellate authority because on reappreciation  of  the
evidence,  its  view  is  different  from  the  court/authority  below.  The
consideration  or  examination  of  the  evidence  by  the  High  Court   in
revisional jurisdiction under these  Acts  is  confined  to  find  out  that
finding of facts recorded by the court/authority below is according  to  law
and does not suffer from any error of law. A finding  of  fact  recorded  by
court/authority  below,  if  perverse  or  has  been  arrived   at   without
consideration of the material evidence  or  such  finding  is  based  on  no
evidence or misreading of the evidence or  is  grossly  erroneous  that,  if
allowed to stand, it would result in gross miscarriage of justice,  is  open
to correction because it is not treated as a finding according  to  law.  In
that event, the High Court in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction  under
the above Rent Control Acts shall be entitled  to  set  aside  the  impugned
order as being not legal or proper. The High Court is  entitled  to  satisfy
itself as to the correctness or legality or propriety  of  any  decision  or
order impugned before it as indicated above. However, to satisfy  itself  to
the regularity, correctness, legality or propriety of the impugned  decision
or the order, the High Court shall not exercise its power  as  an  appellate
power to reappreciate or reassess the evidence for  coming  to  a  different
finding on facts. Revisional power is not and cannot  be  equated  with  the
power of reconsideration of all questions  of  fact  as  a  court  of  first
appeal. Where the High Court is required to be satisfied that  the  decision
is according to law, it may examine whether the  order  impugned  before  it
suffers from procedural illegality or irregularity.”

34)   Similarly, so far as  the  scope  and  nature  of  inquiry,  which  is
required to be undertaken to examine the title of the landlord  in  eviction
matter is concerned, it also remains no more res integra and stands  settled
in the case of Sheela & Ors. vs. Firm Prahlad Rai  Prem  Prakash,  (2002)  3
SCC 375.  Justice R.C.Lahoti (as His Lordship then  was)  speaking  for  the
Bench held that the concept of ownership  in  a  landlord-tenant  litigation
governed by Rent control laws has to be distinguished  from  the  one  in  a
title suit. Indeed,  ownership  is  a  relative  term,  the  import  whereof
depends on the context in which it is used.  In  rent  control  legislation,
the landlord can be said to be the owner if he is entitled in his own  legal
right, as distinguished from for and on behalf of someone else to evict  the
tenant and then to retain control, hold and use the  premises  for  himself.
What may suffice and hold good as  proof  of  ownership  in  landlord-tenant
litigation probably may or may not  be  enough  to  successfully  sustain  a
claim for ownership in a title suit.
35)   Likewise, so far as issue pertaining to joinder of  all  co-owners  in
eviction  petition  filed  against  the  tenant  under  the  Rent  Laws   is
concerned, the same also remains no more res Integra and stands  settled  by
several decisions of  this  Court.  In  Dhannalal  vs.  Kalawathibai   Ors.,
(Supra),  this Court  took  note  of  all  case  laws  on  the  subject  and
explained the legal position governing the  issue.  Justice  R.C.Lahoti  (as
His Lordship then was) speaking for the Bench held in paragraph 16 as  under
:
“16. It is well settled by at least three decisions of this  Court,  namely,
Sri Ram Pasricha v. Jagannath,(1976) 4 SCC 184 Kanta Goel  v.  B.P.  Pathak,
(1977) 2 SCC 814 and Pal Singh v. Sunder Singh, (1989) 1 SCC  444  that  one
of the co-owners can alone and in his own right file a  suit  for  ejectment
of the tenant and it is no defence  open  to  the  tenant  to  question  the
maintainability of the suit on the ground that the other co-owners were  not
joined as parties to the suit. When the property forming the  subject-matter
of eviction proceedings is owned by  several  owners,  every  co-owner  owns
every part and every bit of the joint property  along  with  others  and  it
cannot be said that he is only a part-owner or a  fractional  owner  of  the
property so long as the property has not  been  partitioned.  He  can  alone
maintain a suit for eviction of the tenant without  joining  the  other  co-
owners if such other co-owners do not  object.  In  Sri  Ram  Pasricha  case
reliance was placed by the tenant on the English rule that if  two  or  more
landlords institute a suit for possession on  the  ground  that  a  dwelling
house is required for occupation of one of them  as  a  residence  the  suit
would fail; the requirement must be of all the landlords.  The  Court  noted
that the English rule was not followed by the High Courts  of  Calcutta  and
Gujarat which High Courts have  respectfully  dissented  from  the  rule  of
English law. This Court held that a decree could be passed in favour of  the
plaintiff though he was not the absolute and  full  owner  of  the  premises
because he required the premises for his own  use  and  also  satisfied  the
requirement of being “if he is the owner”, the  expression  as  employed  by
Section 13(1)(f) of the W.B. Premises Tenancy Act, 1956.

36)   The issues involved in this case need to be decided  keeping  in  view
the law laid down in the aforesaid three cases and the one cited infra.
37)   Coming to the first question, in  our  considered  opinion,  the  High
Court erred in holding that the daughter of  late  A.  Radhakrishnan,  i.e.,
Tmt. R. Kanjana was a necessary party to the eviction petition filed by  the
appellants and hence failure to implead her rendered the  eviction  petition
as not maintainable. This finding of  the  High  Court,  in  our  view,   is
against the law laid down by this Court in the case  of  Dhannalal  (supra),
wherein it is laid down that it is not necessary  to  implead  all  the  co-
owners in the eviction petition.
38)   In the light of law laid down in the case  of  Dhannalal  (supra),  in
our view, it was not necessary for the appellants to  implead  the  Tmt.  R.
Kanjana – the daughter of late A. Radhakrishnan in  the  eviction  petition.
Even otherwise, as rightly argued by learned  counsel  for  the  appellants,
the High Court should  not  have  allowed  respondent  No.1  to  raise  such
objection for the first time in the revision because it was  not  raised  in
the courts below. Be  that  as  it  may,  the  daughter  having  been  later
impleaded in the proceedings, this  objection  was  not  even  available  to
respondent No.1.
39)   In view of foregoing discussion, we can not concur  with  the  finding
of the High Court and while reversing the finding  hold  that  the  eviction
petition can not be dismissed on  the  ground  of  non-joinder  of  Tmt.  R.
Kanjana – the daughter of late A. Radhakrishnan and is held maintainable.
40)   Now coming to the question as to whether the tenancy was  between  the
appellants and respondent No.1  or  whether  it  was  between  Dhanapal  and
respondent No.1, we are of the  considered  view  that  to  begin  with  the
tenancy was between A. Radhakrishanan and respondent No.1 and on  the  death
of A.  Radhakrishnan, it was created between the appellants being the Class-
I heirs of A.  Radhakrishnan and respondent No.1 by operation of law.
41)   In our opinion,  Dhanapal  was  a  power  of  attorney  holder  of  A.
Radhakrishnan.  He executed the tenancy agreement on behalf of the  original
owner – A.  Radhakrishnan in favour of respondent No.1.  Such  act  done  by
Dhanapal did not create any right, title and interest in his favour and  nor
he ever asserted any such  right  in  himself  and  indeed  rightly  qua  A.
Radhakrishnan or the appellants in relation to suit premises.   That  apart,
respondent No.1 in clear terms admitted in his evidence and in the  pleading
of cases filed by him against the appellants about his status as  being  the
tenant.  In the light of this legal position, the  High  Court  should  have
held this issue in appellants’ favour.
42)   The law relating to power of attorney is governed  by  the  provisions
of the Power of Attorney Act, 1982.  It is  well  settled  therein  that  an
agent acting under a power of attorney always acts, as a  general  rule,  in
the name of his principal. Any document executed or thing done by  an  agent
on the strength of power of attorney is as effective as if executed or  done
in the name  of  principal,  i.e.,  by  the  principal  himself.  An  agent,
therefore, always acts on behalf of the principal and exercises  only  those
powers, which are given to him in the power of attorney  by  the  principal.
Any act or thing done by the agent on the strength of power of attorney  is,
therefore, never construed or/and treated to have been done by the agent  in
his personal capacity so as to create any right in his favour but is  always
construed as having done by the  principal  himself.  An  agent,  therefore,
never gets any personal  benefit  of  any  nature.  Applying  the  aforesaid
principle, this Court in Suraj Lamp and Industries Private Limited (2)   vs.
State of Haryana & Anr., (2012) 1 SCC 656 held in paragraphs 20  and  21  as
under:

“20. A power of attorney is not an instrument of transfer in regard  to  any
right, title or interest in an immovable property. The power of attorney  is
creation of an agency whereby the grantor authorises the grantee to  do  the
acts specified therein, on behalf of grantor, which when  executed  will  be
binding on the grantor as if done by him (see Section 1-A and Section  2  of
the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882). It is  revocable  or  terminable  at  any
time unless it is made irrevocable  in  a  manner  known  to  law.  Even  an
irrevocable attorney does not have the effect of transferring title  to  the
grantee.

21. In State of Rajasthan v. Basant Nahata, (2005) 12  SCC  77,  this  Court
held: (SCC pp. 90 & 101, paras 13 & 52)

“13. A grant of power of attorney is essentially governed by  Chapter  X  of
the Contract Act. By reason of a deed of power  of  attorney,  an  agent  is
formally appointed to act for the principal in one transaction or  a  series
of transactions  or  to  manage  the  affairs  of  the  principal  generally
conferring necessary authority upon another  person.  A  deed  of  power  of
attorney is executed by the principal in favour  of  the  agent.  The  agent
derives a right to use his name and all acts, deeds and things done  by  him
and subject to the limitations contained in the said deed,  the  same  shall
be read as if done by the donor. A power of attorney is, as is  well  known,
a document of convenience.
*     *     *
52. Execution of a power of attorney in  terms  of  the  provisions  of  the
Contract Act as also the Powers  of  Attorney  Act  is  valid.  A  power  of
attorney, we have noticed hereinbefore, is executed by the donor  so  as  to
enable the donee to act on his  behalf.  Except  in  cases  where  power  of
attorney is coupled with interest, it is revocable. The  donee  in  exercise
of his power under such power of attorney only acts in place  of  the  donor
subject of course to the powers granted to him by reason thereof. He  cannot
use the power of attorney for his  own  benefit.  He  acts  in  a  fiduciary
capacity. Any act of infidelity or breach of trust is a matter  between  the
donor and the donee.”

An attorney-holder may however execute a deed of conveyance in  exercise  of
the power granted under the power of attorney and convey title on behalf  of
the grantor.”

This was followed by this Court in Church of  Christ  Charitable  Trust  and
Educational Charitable Society vs. Ponniamman Educational  Trust,  (2012)  8
SCC 706 (para 20)

43)   When we apply this well settled principle of law to the facts  of  the
case in hand, we are of the considered view  that  when  Dhanapal,  who  was
acting as an  agent  of  A.  Radhakrishnan  on  the  strength  of  power  of
attorney, executed the tenancy agreement with respondent No. 1  in  relation
to the suit premises then he did  such  execution  for  and  behalf  of  his
principal - A Radhakrishnan, which  resulted in creating a  relationship  of
landlord and tenant  between  A.  Radhakrishnan  and  respondent  No.  1  in
relation to the suit premises. In this execution, Dhanapal  being  an  agent
did not get any right, title and interest of any nature either in  the  suit
premises or in tenancy in  himself.  The  effect  of  execution  of  tenancy
agreement by an agent was as if  A. Radhakrishnan himself had executed  with
respondent No.1.
44)   In view of the foregoing discussion, we are of the considered  opinion
that the High Court was not right in holding that the  tenancy  in  relation
to suit premises was with Dhanapal. We cannot thus concur with  the  finding
of the High Court and accordingly reverse the  finding  and  hold  that  the
appellants were able to prove that the  tenancy  in  relation  to  the  suit
premises was between A. Radhakrishnan and respondent No.1 and on  the  death
of A. Radhakrishnan, it was created between the  appellants  and  respondent
No.1 by operation of law which  entitled  the  appellants  to  maintain  the
eviction petition against  respondent  No.1  seeking  his  eviction  on  the
grounds available to them under the Act.
45)   Since the High Court allowed the revision filed by respondent No.1  on
the aforementioned two grounds only, which we  have  reversed  in  preceding
paras, the revision petition filed by the respondent  No.1  deserves  to  be
dismissed. That apart keeping in view the law laid down  by  this  Court  in
Hindustan  Petroleum  Corporation  Limited  Case  (supra),  the   concurrent
findings of facts recorded by the Rent Controller and affirmed by the  first
appellate Court in appellants’ favour on the issue of appellants  bona  fide
need for their personal residence and default committed by  respondent  No.1
in paying rent to the appellants were binding on the High Court.
46)   We have also perused these findings with a view  to  find  out  as  to
whether there is any perversity in these findings. We,  however,  find  that
these findings are based on proper appreciation of evidence as  is  required
to be done in  eviction  matters  and  hence,  they  do  not  call  for  any
interference in this appeal.
47)   Learned Counsel  for  the  respondent  made  attempt  to  support  the
impugned judgment and urged submissions but we were not impressed by any  of
the submissions urged.
48)   In the light of foregoing  discussion,  the  appeal  succeeds  and  is
hereby allowed. The impugned judgment is set aside and that of the  judgment
of the first appellate Court dated 28.06.2001 in R.C.A. No.  5  of  2001  is
restored. As a consequence thereof,  the  eviction  petition  filed  by  the
appellants against respondent No.1 in  relation  to  the  suit  premises  is
allowed. Respondent No.1 is, however, granted three months’ time  to  vacate
the suit premises from the date of this judgment subject  to  furnishing  of
the usual undertaking in this Court to vacate the  suit  premises  within  3
months and further on depositing all arrears  of  rent  (if  there  are  any
arrears still due and not paid) till date at the same  rate  at  which  they
had been paying monthly rent to the appellants and would also deposit  three
months’ rent in advance by way of damages for use and occupation.   Let  the
undertaking, arrears of rent, damages for three months and cost  awarded  by
this Court be deposited within 15 days from the date of this  judgment.  The
appellants on such deposit being made would  be  entitled  to  withdraw  the
same after proper verification.
49)   The appeal is accordingly allowed with costs which  is  quantified  at
Rs.5000/- to be paid by respondent No.1 to the appellants.


                                    .……...................................J.
                                                            [J. CHELAMESWAR]


                                     ………..................................J.
                                                       [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]
      New Delhi,
      January 28, 2016.


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