Supreme Court of India (Full Bench (FB)- Three Judge)

SPECIAL APPEAL DEFECTIVE, 1437 of 2016, Judgment Date: Feb 17, 2016

                                                            NON – REPORTABLE

                        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

                        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                        CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1437 OF 2016
                  (ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 9170 OF 2012)


STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH & ANR.                                …..APPELLANT(S)         

                                   VERSUS                                                                 

M/S. AL FAHEEM MEETEX PRIVATE LTD. & ANR.                 .....RESPONDENT(S)      



                               J U D G M E N T

A.K. SIKRI, J.
                 Leave granted.

This appeal is directed against the final judgment and order dated July  26,
2011 passed by the High Court of Judicature  at  Allahabad  in  Civil  Misc.
Writ Petition No.  71568  of  2010.   The  High  Court,  vide  the  impugned
judgment, was pleased to allow the writ  petition  preferred  by  respondent
No.1 herein by quashing the decision dated November  22,  2010  of  the  Bid
Evaluation Committee (for short, 'BEC') and directed that  the  bid  of  the
appellant, as accepted by it  on  September  08,  2010,  be  dealt  with  in
accordance with law from the stage of such acceptance.

The dispute pertains to the construction, maintenance  and  operation  of  a
slaughter house in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.  The appellants are  intending  to
construct a slaughter house with ultra modern technology.   Origin  of  this
plan of the Government can be traced to the directions which were  given  by
this Court vide judgment dated December  07,  2006  in  the  case  of  Nagar
Nigam, Meerut v. Al Faheem Meat Exports Pvt. Ltd. & Ors., (2006) 13 SCC  382
emphasizing the need for modernising the slaughter houses according  to  the
prescribed standards.  Pursuant to the aforesaid directions of  this  Court,
the State Government vide its G.O. dated August 06, 2008, laid  down  Policy
Guidelines for operation of animal slaughter houses  owned  by  urban  local
bodies in the State on the  basis  of  Private  Public  Participation  (PPP)
Model.  It was provided that slaughter houses owned by  urban  local  bodies
can be given on PPP  Model  to  private  persons  by  public  auction/tender
process on  the  condition  that  the  private  participants  will  have  to
modernise  slaughter  houses  according   to   the   prescribed   standards.
Accordingly, the State Government vide its G.O.  dated  September  29,  2009
constituted BEC with regard to the  operation  of  animal  slaughter  houses
owned by urban local bodies in the State  on  the  basis  of  PPP  Model  in
accordance with G.O. dated August 06, 2008 and June 26, 2009.  The  BEC  was
required to follow the Guidelines as laid down  vide  G.O.  dated  June  29,
2007 for selection, contracting and monitoring of  Consultants  and  Private
Developers for PPP Projects in  the  State.   As  per  the  Guidelines,  the
selection of the  Developer  was  to  be  made  through  two  stage  bidding
process, i.e.:
      Stage I    –     Shortlisting of Developer through EOIs in the
                       form of Request for Qualification (RFQs)

      Stage II   –     Selection of Developer from shortlisted,
                            developer on the basis of Request for Proposal
                            (RFPs) submitted by them containing two stage
                            bids i.e. Technical and financial bids.

The Guidelines provide for a PPP.  The BEC  was  empowered  to  examine  all
aspects and stages of developer selection, i.e. issuance of EOI,  evaluation
of EOI, shortlisting of Developers, deciding terms  of  reference,  issuance
of Request  for  Proposal  (RFP),  evaluation  of  technical  and  financial
proposals,  negotiations  and  final  selection  of  Developer.   After  the
requisite  evaluations,  the  BEC  was  to   recommend   the   name   of   a
Bidder/Developer to the Competent Authority for award of  contract  and  the
final approval of the Developer for the PPP project was  to  be  granted  by
the Competent Authority.  As per the  Guidelines,  the  Competent  Authority
was the Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

The Nagar Nigam, Meerut, published a Notice  dated  May  26,  2010  inviting
tenders of Request for  Qualification  (RFQ)  for  establishment  of  a  new
modern slaughter house at village  Ghosipur,  Meerut  on  Build-Operate  and
Transfer (BOT) basis.  In the Notice, the estimated cost of the project  was
shown to be ?101.76 crores and the project was to be implemented  within  24
months.  Pursuant to the aforesaid  Notice,  financial  and  technical  bids
were received from three firms and the consultant had found  all  the  three
bids  to  be  deficient  and  recommended  for  invitation  of  fresh  bids.
Accordingly, the Nagar Nigam again published a Notice dated  June  29,  2010
inviting tenders of RFQ.  Pursuant to the aforesaid Notice,  five  financial
and technical bids were  received  from  five  firms.   Out  of  them,  four
companies were permitted to participate in  the  RFP  stage.   Subsequently,
the Nagar Nigam issued RFP for construction, operation  and  maintenance  of
modern slaughter house at Ghosipur, Meerut on July 29,  2010.   Pursuant  to
the aforesaid RFP, tenders were submitted by only three firms.

The BEC in its meeting dated September 08, 2010 opened  the  sealed  tenders
of RFP of three firms, namely, (i) Figro Rifico Ilana Ltd., Ghaziabad,  (ii)
M/s. Hind Agro Industries Ltd., and (iii) M/s. Al Faheem Meat  Exports  Pvt.
Ltd., i.e. respondent No.1 herein.  Out of the above  three  bids,  the  bid
offered by Figro Rifico Ilana Ltd., Ghaziabad was found to be incomplete  as
the documents as per the terms of RFP were  not  annexed.   Thus,  only  two
bids were found eligible for consideration.  M/s. Hind Agro Industries  Ltd.
in its bid had offered concession period of 19  years  and  respondent  No.1
had offered the concession period of  12  years.   As  respondent  No.1  had
offered  minimum  concession  period,  it  was  selected  by  the  BEC   for
recommendation as a Developer.

Before  the  recommendation  could  even  be  forwarded,  inter-departmental
consultation in accordance with the Rules of Business took  place.   It  was
done prior to the placing of the  recommendations  of  the  BEC  before  the
Cabinet of Ministers/ Competent Authority.  In the  said  consultation,  the
Finance Department pointed out  certain  procedural  irregularities  in  the
process and suggested for reviewing  the  matter  as  the  number  of  valid
tenders received was  very  less.   Following  issues  were  raised  by  the
Finance Department:
(i)  Only two bids were found to be valid by the BEC.  In view  of  Rule  21
of the Financial Handbook, decision has to be normally taken  on  the  basis
of three or more bids.  If less number of bids  are  received,  then  it  is
presumed that there must have been some deficiency in making wide  publicity
in inviting tenders.
(ii)  Municipal Corporation being a separate Constitutional body  from  that
of the State Government, it is  necessary  to  consider  the  provisions  of
Article 19A of the Constitution of India  to  consider  as  to  who  is  the
Competent Authority for taking final decision.
(iii)  Since the number of valid  tenders  are  very  less,  therefore,  the
matter should be reviewed and if deemed proper decision should be taken  for
re-invitation of tenders.

Pursuant to the abovesaid suggestions of the Finance Department, the  matter
was placed before the BEC. After  deliberating  upon  the  comments  of  the
Finance Department, the BEC, in its meeting dated November  22,  2010,  took
the following decisions:
(i)  Decisions taken by the BEC in its earlier  meeting  held  on  September
08, 2010 are cancelled in view of receipt of less number of valid tenders.
(ii)  Fresh tenders of RFQ/RFP  be  published  for  construction  of  modern
slaughter house on PPP model at village Ghosipur, Meerut.
(iii)  Meeting of pre-bid of RFQ be convened on December 07, 2010, and  last
date for submission of RFQ be fixed as December 15, 2010.
(iv)  With regard to determining the issue of Competent Authority  who  will
take the final decision, it was decided that appropriate  decision  for  the
schemes to be implemented on PPP Model by Corporation be taken at the  level
of the State Government.

Pursuant to the decision of BEC in its meeting dated November 22, 2010,  the
Nagar  Nigam,  Meerut  issued  fresh  advertisement  on  December  01,  2010
inviting applications for RFQ.   Being  aggrieved,  respondent  No.1  herein
preferred Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 71568 of 2010 before the High  Court
of Judicature at Allahabad.  The  High  Court,  by  means  of  the  impugned
judgment, has allowed the  same  by  quashing  the  decision  of  BEC  dated
November 22, 2010.

A perusal of the judgment of the High  Court  would  reveal  that  the  High
Court has primarily been persuaded by the fact that  once  the  BEC  in  its
first meeting held on September 08, 2010, had  found  that  respondent  No.1
was suitable for award of the  contract  in  question,  it  could  not  have
revisited the issue and review the same  in  its  subsequent  meeting  dated
November 22, 2010, that too without any notice to respondent No.1.

It is argued by the learned counsel for the appellant that  the  High  Court
is not justified in quashing the decision of  the  BEC  dated  November  22,
2010 without considering the terms as contained in Clause 2.7.1 of  the  RFP
and the Guidelines laid down vide G.O. dated June 29, 2007 for selection  of
Developers  for  PPP  Projects  wherein  discretion  is  conferred  on   the
authority to accept or reject any or  all  bid  proposals.   The  steps  for
selection of consultant as  laid  down  in  Part-I  of  the  Guidelines  are
applicable for the selection of Developer as well.  Chapter II of Part I  of
the Guidelines specifically provides that the employer will have  the  right
to reject all proposals.  The relevant portion  of  the  Guidelines  are  as
under:
“Rejection of All Proposals, and re-invitation

The Employer will have the right to reject  all  proposals.   However,  such
rejections should be well considered and normally be in cases where all  the
bids are  either  substantially  in  deviation  to  the  TOR  or  considered
unreasonably high in cost.  If it is decided  to  re-invite  the  bids,  the
terms of reference should be critically reviewed/modified so as  to  address
the reasons of not getting any acceptable bid in the earlier invitation  for
Bids.”

            Learned counsel also pointed out that Clause 2.7 of the  RFP  is
also to the same effect which empowers the Authority  to  accept  or  reject
any bid proposal and annul the whole bidding process.

Learned counsel for respondent No.1, on the other hand, impressed  upon  the
reasons given by the High Court and submitted that the appeal be dismissed.

We find force in the aforesaid argument  of  the  learned  counsel  for  the
appellants.  In the first instance, it is to be noted that  BEC  is  only  a
recommendatory authority.   It  is  the  Competent  Authority  which  is  to
ultimately decide as to whether the recommendation of BEC is to be  accepted
or not.  We are  not  entering  into  the  discussion  as  to  whether  this
Competent Authority is the State Government or  the  Municipal  Corporation.
Fact remains that there is no approval by either of them.   Matter  has  not
even reached the Competent Authority and no  final  decision  was  taken  to
accept the bid of respondent No.1 herein.  Much before that,  when  the  BEC
was informed that there were only two valid bids before it when it made  its
recommendation on September 08, 2010 and as per the  Financial  Rules  there
must  be  three  or  more  bids  to  ensure  that  bidding  process  becomes
competitive, the BEC realised its mistake and  recalled  its  recommendation
dated September 08, 2010.  It cannot  be  said  that  such  a  decision  was
unfair, mala fide or based  on  irrelevant  considerations.   This,  coupled
with the fact that the authority has right to accept or reject any  bid  and
even to annul the whole bidding process, the High Court  was  not  justified
in interfering with such a decision of the BEC.

The High Court has also gone wrong in finding fault  with  the  decision  of
the BEC by holding that such a  subsequent  decision  could  not  have  been
taken by the BEC without notice to or  in  the  absence  of  the  appellant.
When the decision making process had not reached any finality and was  still
in embryo and there was no acceptance of the bid of respondent No.1  by  the
Competent Authority, no right  (much  less  enforceable  right)  accrued  to
respondent No.1.  In such a situation, there was no question of  giving  any
notice or hearing to respondent No.1.

In any case, there is  yet  another  very  forceful  and  strong  reason  to
interfere with the decision  taken  by  the  High  Court.   Notice  inviting
tenders of RFQ was published way back on May 26,  2010.   Almost  six  years
have passed.  With this passage of time, it becomes all the  more  important
to have fresh tendering for establishment of 'New Modern  Slaughter  House',
Meerut by giving wide publicity.

We, thus, allow this appeal and set aside the impugned order passed  by  the
High Court.  There shall, however, be no order as to costs.

                           .............................................CJI.
                                                               (T.S. THAKUR)



                          ................................................J.
                                                                (A.K. SIKRI)



                          ................................................J.
                                                              (R. BANUMATHI)


NEW DELHI;
FEBRUARY 17, 2016.