NASIK MUNICIPAL CORP. Vs. M/S R.M. BHANDARI & ANR.
Supreme Court of India
Appeal (Civil), 1856 of 2016, Judgment Date: Feb 29, 2016
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1856 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (C) No.12330 of 2011)
NASHIK MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ....Appellant
Versus
M/S. R.M. BHANDARI & ANR. ....Respondents
J U D G M E N T
R. BANUMATHI, J.
Leave granted.
2. The present appeal impugns the order of High Court of
Judicature at Bombay dismissing Civil Application No.2305 of 2010 in Writ
Petition No.1077 of 2010, filed by the appellant declining to extend the
time in depositing the cost of Rs.25,000/- in terms of the order dated
03.05.2010 passed by the High Court in the said Writ Petition No.1077 of
2010.
3. There has been a chequered history of litigation between the
parties for about two decades leading to filing of the present appeal. The
appellant being a municipal corporation had invited public tender for
construction and concreting of the area from Gadage Maharaj Bridge to
Rokadoba Sandwa, to which the respondents emerged as successful bidders.
The respondents were to commence the work on 23.01.1990 and the same was to
be completed on or before 22.10.1990. However, the respondents did not
show any progress in the work and consequently the appellant-corporation
withdrew the work from the respondents and allotted the same to M/s. N.H.
Company Pvt. Ltd. for the purpose of getting the work completed, for which
the appellant suffered an excess amount of Rs.29,76,740/-.
4. The appellant-corporation filed a suit being Special Civil Suit
No.339 of 1991 against the respondents seeking recovery of the said amount
before the Civil Judge (Senior Division), Nashik. The respondents also
preferred Special Civil Suit No.171 of 1991 against the appellant for a
declaration and recovery of amount before the Civil Judge (Senior
Division), Nashik. The court disposed of both the suits vide common
judgment dated 18.10.1994 thereby decreeing the suit of the appellant and
dismissed the suit filed by the respondents. The court directed the
respondents to pay an amount of Rs.29,40,366/- to the appellant alongwith
interest at the rate of 18% per annum. Being aggrieved, the respondents
filed the appeal being First Appeal No.344 of 1995 challenging the decree
dated 18.10.1994 before the High Court of Bombay. Alongwith the appeal,
the respondents also filed Civil Application No.2330 of 1995 for stay of
the decree. Vide order dated 12.06.1995, the High Court granted stay of
the decree on condition that the respondents will deposit the entire
decretal amount before the lower court within eight weeks failing which the
stay shall stand vacated automatically. The respondents did not deposit
the decretal amount. Thereafter, the said First Appeal No.344 of 1995 was
dismissed as withdrawn vide order dated 13.01.2009.
5. The appellant had preferred an execution petition in Special
Darkhast No.49 of 2002 for execution of the decree dated 18.10.1994. The
said execution petition was dismissed for default of the decree holder vide
order dated 29.07.2006. The appellant then preferred C.M.A. No.155 of 2006
on 28.08.2006 seeking restoration of the execution petition. Relying upon
the judgment in Mhatarba Laxman Dongare (Dead) thr. L.Rs vs. Central Bank
of India and Ors., reported in 2005 (2) ALL. M.R. 742, the executing court
vide order dated 29.10.2007 declined to restore the execution petition-
Special Darkhast No.49 of 2002. The appellant then preferred the second
execution petition being Special Darkhast No.40 of 2008 and the same was
dismissed as being barred by limitation.
6. The appellant challenged the said order of the executing court
in Writ Petition No.6622 of 2009. While the said writ petition was
pending, the appellant also filed another Writ Petition No.1077 of 2010
challenging the order dated 29.10.2007 passed by the executing court
rejecting the appellant’s application for restoration of the earlier
Special Darkhast No.49 of 2002. Both the writ petitions were disposed of
by the High Court by the common judgment dated 03.05.2010 and the High
Court allowed the writ petition No.1077 of 2010 and the order dated
29.10.2007 passed by the executing court was set aside and Special Darkhast
No.49 of 2002 was restored. However, the High Court imposed the cost of
Rs.25,000/- upon the appellant as a condition precedent for restoration of
the execution petition. Challenging the said order dated 03.05.2010,
respondents preferred SLP (C) No.21975 of 2010 before this Court and the
said SLP was dismissed as withdrawn vide order dated 16.08.2010.
7. Pursuant to the order passed in W.P. No.1077/2010, the
appellant-corporation filed applications before the executing court on
30.06.2010 requesting the court to accept the cost of Rs.25,000/- and to
restore Special Darkhast No.49 of 2002. Those applications were rejected
by the executing court interalia stating that the time limit granted by the
High Court was over on 28.06.2010 and that the court had no power to extend
the time granted by the High Court. In these circumstances, the appellant
preferred Civil Application No.2305 of 2010 in Writ Petition No.1077 of
2010 under Section 148 C.P.C. seeking extension of time for depositing the
cost of Rs.25,000/- and the same was dismissed by the impugned order.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant Mr. S.M. Jadhav submitted
that the High Court erred in not taking note of the explanation given by
the appellant for the delay in depositing the cost and the High Court was
not justified in dismissing the application. It was contended that the
High Court failed to consider that the right of the appellant for invoking
the jurisdiction of the court under Section 148 C.P.C. is an independent
right and the same cannot be curtailed in view of the order passed by this
Court in SLP (C) No.21975 of 2010. It was further submitted that the High
Court failed to consider that withdrawal of the first appeal by the
respondent before the High Court was at their own risk and the appellant’s
right to restore the execution petition cannot be curtailed on that basis.
9. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents Mr.
Aniruddha P. Mayee submitted that the appellant offered a vague explanation
for the delay in depositing the cost and the appellant cannot take
advantage of its own wrong. It was further contended that since the
execution petition was dismissed, the respondents have withdrawn the first
appeal and by restoration of the execution petition at this distant point
of time the respondents cannot be rendered remediless and the learned
counsel prayed for liberty to restore the first appeal.
10. Upon consideration of the rival contentions, the point falling
for consideration is whether or not the court has the discretion to enlarge
the time for doing any act prescribed by the Code or allowed by the Code.
11. Section 148 C.P.C. provides for enlargement of the time by the
court. Section 148 C.P.C. reads as under:
S.148. Enlargement of time.- Where any period is fixed or granted by
the Court for the doing of any act prescribed or allowed by this Code, the
Court may, in its discretion, from time to time, enlarge such period not
exceeding thirty days in total, even though the period originally fixed or
granted may have expired.
A plain reading of the above would show that when any period or time is
granted by the court for doing any act, the court has the discretion from
time to time to enlarge such period even if the time originally fixed or
granted by the court has expired. Previously discretion was given to the
court to enlarge the period fixed or granted by the court for any act
prescribed or allowed by the Code. The C.P.C. (Amendment) Act, 1999 puts a
limit of thirty days on the enlargement of such period. The words “not
exceeding thirty days in total” have been inserted with a view to curtail
procedural delay caused by any party to the suit or proceeding.
Enlargement of time, whether one-time or phased, cannot exceed thirty days.
12. Considering the reason for the delay in depositing the cost, as
noticed earlier, the High Court allowed the Writ Petition No.1077 of 2010
vide order dated 03.05.2010 and restored the Special Darkhast No.49 of 2002
subject to the payment of cost of Rs. 25,000/- to the respondents within a
period of eight weeks from the date of the order. The appellant stated
that the copy of the order dated 03.05.2010 was received in the office of
its Legal Department on 12.05.2010 and the Accounts Department gave its
approval for the payment of cost on 26.05.2010. The Legal Department
thereafter prepared voucher/bill for the amount of Rs.25,000/- for being
paid in the name of Civil Judge (Senior Division), Nashik and the same was
approved on 03.06.2010 and after completing the procedural formalities, the
Accounts Department issued the cheque on 15.06.2010. It is further averred
that the applications were presented before the executing court to accept
the cheque on 30.06.2010 and the said applications were dismissed interalia
holding that the time limit granted by the High Court was over on
28.06.2010 and the executing court had no power to extend the time granted
by the High Court. The executing court was correct in saying that it could
not extend time for depositing the cost as the same had been stipulated by
the High Court. The High Court has declined to extend the time mainly on
the ground that the SLP(C) No.21975 of 2010 filed by the respondents was
dismissed as withdrawn and that the respondents have lost their right to
challenge the order passed by the Court in Writ Petition No.1077 of 2010.
The High Court while declining to enlarge the time to deposit the cost
neither took into consideration the sequence of dates and events stated by
the appellant-corporation nor the explanation offered by the appellant-
corporation for the delay in depositing the amount. This, in our view, is
not correct.
13. In Chinnamarkathian alias Muthu Gounder and Anr. v. Ayyavoo
alias Periana Gounder and Ors., (1982) 1 SCC 159, this Court called in the
principle of equity and held that the court has the jurisdiction to examine
alteration or modification which may necessitate extension of time. In
para (15), this Court held as under:-
“….It is a well accepted principle statutorily recognised in Section 148 of
the Code of Civil Procedure that where a period is fixed or granted by the
court for doing any act prescribed or allowed by the Code, the court may in
its discretion from time to time enlarge such period even though the period
originally fixed or granted may expire. If a court in exercise of the
jurisdiction can grant time to do a thing, in the absence of a specific
provision to the contrary curtailing, denying or withholding such
jurisdiction, the jurisdiction to grant time would inhere in its ambit the
jurisdiction to extend time initially fixed by it. Passing a composite
order would be acting in disregard of the jurisdiction in that while
granting time simultaneously the court denies to itself the jurisdiction to
extend time. The principle of equity is that when some circumstances are to
be taken into account for fixing a length of time within which a certain
action is to be taken, the court retains to itself the jurisdiction to re-
examine the alteration or modification of circumstances which may
necessitate extension of time. If the court by its own act denies itself
the jurisdiction to do so, it would be denying to itself the jurisdiction
which in the absence of a negative provision, it undoubtedly enjoys….”
14. Reference may also be made to the decisions of this Court
in Jogdhayan v. Babu Ram and Ors., (1983) 1 SCC 26, Johri Singh v. Sukh Pal
Singh and Ors., (1989) 4 SCC 403, Ganesh Prasad Sah Kesari and Anr. v.
Lakshmi Narayan Gupta, (1985) 3 SCC 53 and D.V. Paul v. Manisha Lalwani,
(2010) 8 SCC 546.
15. In terms of Section 148 C.P.C. court has the discretion to
extend the time. The words “not exceeding thirty days in total” have been
inserted by the C.P.C. (Amendment) Act, 1999. Observing that if the act
could not be performed within thirty days for the reasons beyond the
control of the parties, the time beyond maximum thirty days can be extended
under Section 151 C.P.C., in Salem Advocates Bar Association, T.N. vs.
Union of India (2005) 6 SCC 344, this Court in para (41) held as
under:
“41. The amendment made in Section 148 affects the power of the court to
enlarge time that may have been fixed or granted by the court for the doing
of any act prescribed or allowed by the Code. The amendment provides that
the period shall not exceed 30 days in total. Before amendment, there was
no such restriction of time. Whether the court has no inherent power to
extend the time beyond 30 days is the question. We have no doubt that the
upper limit fixed in Section 148 cannot take away the inherent power of the
court to pass orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to
prevent abuse of process of the court. The rigid operation of the section
would lead to absurdity. Section 151 has, therefore, to be allowed to
operate fully. Extension beyond maximum of 30 days, thus, can be permitted
if the act could not be performed within 30 days for reasons beyond the
control of the party. We are not dealing with a case where time for doing
an act has been prescribed under the provisions of the Limitation Act which
cannot be extended either under Section 148 or Section 151. We are dealing
with a case where the time is fixed or granted by the court for performance
of an act prescribed or allowed by the court.”
16. Coming to the finding of the High Court that the
respondents have lost their right to challenge the order passed by the High
Court in Writ Petition No.1077 of 2010, it is true that SLP (C) No.21975 of
2010 was dismissed by this Court on the ground that cost was not deposited
by the appellant-corporation. But that was not of much significance. In the
application before the High Court, what was important was that whether the
appellant has made out a case for extension based on which time can be
extended. From the sequence of events, in our opinion, the appellant-
corporation has explained the reasons for the delay in depositing the cost
and the time ought to be extended to deposit the cost.
17. We find substance in the submission of the respondents that
since the execution petition was dismissed, the respondents have withdrawn
the First Appeal No.344 of 1995 and the respondents cannot be deprived of
the opportunity of maintaining a first appeal for challenging the decree
passed against them. While extension of time is granted to the appellant
to deposit the cost, the respondents cannot be rendered remediless and in
our view, the respondents are to be given liberty to have their first
appeal restored by making necessary application before the first appellate
court.
18. In the result, the impugned order is set aside and this appeal
is allowed. The appellant-corporation shall deposit the cost of Rs.25,000/-
as directed by the High Court in Writ Petition No.1077 of 2010 within a
period of four weeks from today and on such deposit, Special Darkhast No.49
of 2002 shall stand restored and the same shall be proceeded with in
accordance with law. The respondents are at liberty to have the first
appeal filed by them being Appeal No.344 of 1995 restored by making an
application. We make it clear that we have not expressed any opinion on
the merits of the matter. In the facts and circumstances of the case,
there is no order as to costs.
………………………….CJI
(T.S. THAKUR)
…………………………….J
(R. BANUMATHI)
New Delhi;
February 26, 2016
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