Tags Murder Rape

Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)

Appeal (Crl.), 2341 of 2010, Judgment Date: Aug 31, 2016

                                                        REPORTABLE
                 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

                 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2341 OF 2010


Kadamanian @ Manikandan                                 ..Appellant

                                 versus

State Represented by Inspector of Police               ..Respondent

                            J U D G M E N T


JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR, J.

            The prosecution in the  instant  case  was  lodged  against  the
appellant herein - Kadamanian @ Manikandan, as well as,  against  co-accused
- I.T. Manian @ Manikanda, for the offences under  Sections  201,  302,  376
and 404 of the Indian Penal Code.  The  aforesaid  offences  were  allegedly
committed by the accused with reference to M. Jayalakshmi.
            As per the prosecution version, M.Jayalakshmi went missing at  7
a.m. on 6.9.2007, having left her residence to answer the  call  of  nature.
Since she did not return, a missing person's report was lodged  on  7.9.2007
by her father P.Matheswaran at Namakkam Kumarapalayam  Police  Station.   It
is  also  relevant  to  mention,  that  in  the  first  information   report
registered on 7.9.2007, the complainant had attached the  photograph  of  M.
Jayalakshmi, and had also indicated for her  identification,  that  she  was
wearing a green colour jacket and saree.  It was also  expressly  mentioned,
that she was wearing a nose-stud.
            On 9.9.2007, a dead body of a female, was found  by  a  sweeper,
Natarajan – PW4.  Based on the recovery of  the  dead  body,  another  first
information report came to be lodged.  On  18.9.2007,  the  parents  of  the
deceased  –  Jayalakshmi,  identified  the  clothing  and  other  artifacts,
recovered with the dead body, as belonging to their  daughter.  It  is  also
relevant to indiacate, that the aforesaid  identification  was  affirmed  by
none other than the mother of the deceased,  Vedammal  –  PW2.   The  mother
identified her daughter from the photograph of the dead body.
            The first needle of suspicion with reference  to  the  appellant
herein -  Kadamanian  @  Manikandan   emerged  from  the  statement  of  the
investigating officer, Arumugam –  PW20  dated  21.01.2008,  affirming  with
Shanmugam – PW6, that the appellant had been seen  close  to  the  place  of
occurrence.  Consequent upon the needle of suspicion having been pointed  at
the appellant, the appellant allegedly made an extra-judicial confession  to
R.V.Alagurajan – PW12.   The  aforesaid  extra-judicial  confession  can  be
extracted from his statement made by R.V. Alagurajan – PW12, to the  police.
 A relevant portion thereof is being reproduced hereunder:
“...My name is Manikandan.  I am also addressed as Keda Manian.  Name of  my
wife is Durgadevi.  I have one son and  a  daughter.   My  native  place  is
Karanthai near Tanjavur.  I have come to Bavani many years back and  settled
here.  I  am  engaged  in  the  profession  of  driving  autorikshaw.   From
1.9.2007 onwards,  I  am  running  share  autorikshaw  bearing  registration
number T.N. 38 Q 1311 Annamalai of  Krishnampalayam  taking  on  hire  basis
along with I.T. Mani.  One Mubarak take the collection  from  me  every  day
and deposit with the owner on two  installments.   Myself  and  I.T.  Manian
have the habit enjoying the prostitutes who approach  bus  stand  area.   On
the  last  8.9.07  when  myself  and  I.T.  Manian  were   operating   share
autorikshaw, one woman boarded the share autorikshaw  from  the  bus  stand.
She did not get down till the last even  after  other  passengers  got  down
from the autorikshaw.  When asked her name, she  innocently  told  that  her
name as Jayalakshmi and she was from Komarapalayam. She also told  that  she
did not have any money. When myself and Mani told her that we will take  her
to her village for which she agreed.  On the way, myself  and  Mani  planned
to enjoy that woman.  We came to share autorikshaw stand near bus stand  and
handed over the collection to Mubarak and  left  that  place.  When  Mubarak
enquired, Mani told that woman was his relative lady. Then  on  the  way,  I
along went to a brancy shop in Nachippa street and  consumed  liquor.   Then
all three of us consumed food in the nearby Amutham mess. When we came  out,
it was slightly drizzling.  We told that lady that we can  leave  after  the
rain stops and after passing through public  toilet  and  took  her  to  old
municipal ward office.  We engaged discussion with that lady  and  told  her
to compromise to our desire and asked her to lay with us.  She  refused  and
started to shout and then we took her to the  land  on  the  southern  side.
There, we tried to remove her blouse and saree, she shouted.  That lady  was
a strong woman. We could not perform what we planned.   I  got  annoyed  and
picked up a stick from nearby and inserted twice or thrice  in  her  private
part. Her shout mellowed down. Mani told that “let us leave”.  From  not  to
find further identification of the lady, I smashed her face  with  a  stone.
Mani also picked up another stone and threw it on the face  of  that  woman.
We stripped that woman's saree and petty coat and threw them out.   We  came
to know that she was dead. We thought that the nose pin worn  by  her  would
disclose her identity.  I removed the nose pin  and  kept  it  with  myself.
Then both of us came and picked up the share autorikshaw and left it in  the
workshop of the owner at Moolapattarai. On the next day, I  came  and  asked
Mani whether police made any enquiry with him  for  which  Mani  replied  in
negative. I thought that Mubarak may suspect us and  indirectly  told  Mani,
if any one say anything, let us slit the throat. There  after,  we  went  to
the vacant plot near the municipality Kalyana Mandapam and put the nose  pin
removed from that woman in a plastic bag and concealed  it  there  and  then
for the next 5 days, I did not run the autorikshaw.  Therefore,  I  went  to
jail in connection with two case in Bavani.  I  came  to  know  that  police
were in search me  suspecting  me.  I  was  scarred  and  have  to  you  and
surrender myself.”

            After R.V. Alagurajan  –  PW12  had  allegedly  effectuated  the
surrender of the accused – appellant before the Inspector of  Police,  Erode
town, he had also  submitted  a  letter  dated  21.01.2008,  at  the  police
station, which read as under:
“I, village administrative officer of 35B Erode town was in my office  today
at about 12.30 O'Clock in the afternoon with  my  assistant  Manikkam,  Keda
Manian alias Manikandan, resident of door number 47 Sreenivasapuram,  Bavani
appeared before and told that he was involved in the murder of  a  woman  on
the last 8th September near the Erode bus stand and gave a statement  and  I
am producing him and the statement given by him to you for further action.”

            Consequent upon the appellant, having been produced  before  the
Inspector of Police, the accused-appellant Kadamanian @  Manikandan  made  a
confessional statement  on  the  same  day,  i.e.,  on  22.01.2008,  to  the
Inspector of Police, Erode,  inter alia affirming as under:

“... That woman was a healthy and strong  and  she  pushed  me  and  started
shouting. We got annoyed as we could not  do  anything  as  we  planned  and
therefore, I picked up a  stick  which  was  lying  there  and  stabbed  her
private part three times with that stick.  Her shouts mellowed down and  she
became semi conscious.  I.T. Mani told to leave at that stage.  I  told  him
that it would be dangerous if we leave her like that and she would  identify
us and her identity should not be known to any one and therefore,  I  picked
up the stone which was laying nearby and threw it on her face and  assaulted
her.  Mani also picked up another stone and threw it on her  face.  We  came
to know that she was dead. There was no movement  of  her.  We  removed  her
saree, petty coat, beads from her neck and kept it  nearby  and  we  thought
with the nose pic worn by her, her identity would be known easily and  there
removed the nose pin also. Then we came out. At that time, Shanmugam

who words as Kalasi saw us. We went to share autorikshaw  stand  and  picked
up the share authorikshaw and went  to  Moolapattaqrai  and  left  the  auto
rikshaw  in the work shop. I.T. Mani left for his house.  On the  next  day,
earlier morning, I boarded a bus from  Moolapatrai  reached  home.   On  the
next day after noon, I reached Erode share auto bus  stand,  as  if  I  know
nothing met Mani and asked him whether police made any enquiry. He  answered
in negative.  I told him that some information may come out through  Mubarak
and if any information is leaked  out  through  some  one,  we  should  slit
throat of such person.  However, we told him to  assess  the  situation.   I
told him that I will not come for next five days and when I  left  there,  I
went to vacant plot on the south of  municipality  Kalyanamandapam  and  put
the nose pin which I removed from that woman in a plastic bag and buried  it
near the transformer in that plot.  Then I left for  home.   I  was  careful
that no one should suspect me. In the meanwhile on one, there was a  quarrel
between me and my wife as regard to eating of mutton.   Neighbor  Gobi  came
and asked “why are you shouting? How can we live here?  And a dispute  arose
between me and him and a case has been registered against me and  I  was  in
custody for 13 days. When I came out on bail, I  was  arrested  on  a  Rowdy
case and sent me to custody. When I came out on  bail,  when  I  reached  to
share auto rikshaw stand for running auto rikshaw, police  however  came  to
know that myself and I.T.Mani have committed the murder of  that  woman  and
the police is in search of us.  I thought, if police arrest me,  they  would
beat me and harass and therefore, surrendered before  town  VAO  today.   He
has sent me to you. At that time, I have  given  this  statement.  If  I  am
taken, I would identify and produce the nose  pin  where  I  have  concealed
it.”

            It is the version of the prosecution, that based on  the  afore-
stated statement made by the appellant, a nose-stud  was  recovered  at  the
instance of the appellant on 22.01.2008. The fact, that the same  belong  to
the deceased – Jayalakshmi was  confirmed  by  various  witnesses  including
PW2 – Vedammal, the mother of the deceased.  After recording the  statements
of the prosecution witnesses, and also, the statement of the  accused  under
Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the  accused  were  afforded  an
opportunity to lead their evidence in defence.  The accused availed off  the
above opportunity, and thereafter, the trial  Court  rendered  its  judgment
dated 5.8.2009,  convicting  both  the  accused  of  the  offences  levelled
against them.
            Dissatisfied with the order passed  by  the  trial  Court  dated
5.8.2009, both the appellants preferred Criminal Appeal  No.  528  of  2009,
before the High Court of Judicature at Madras (hereinafter  referred  to  as
the “High Court”).  A Division Bench of the High Court, accepted the  appeal
preferred by  accused no.2 –  I.T.  Manian  @  Manikanda,  and  ordered  his
acquittal.  The appeal preferred by  the  appellant  herein  was  dismissed.
Although,   the  sentences  awarded  by  the  trial  Court,  under   various
provisions of the IPC, were by and large maintained,  the  sentence  awarded
to the appellant (by the trial Court) under Section 376 of the Indian  Penal
Code was reduced from 10 years to 7 years. Insofar as  the  other  sentences
are concerned, the appellant was ordered to suffer  imprisonment  for  three
years for the offence under Section 201 of the Indian  Penal  Code,  he  was
convicted under Section  302  of  the  Indian  Penal  Code  to  suffer  life
imprisonment, and for the offence under Section  404  of  the  Indian  Penal
Code, he was sentenced to suffer imprisonment for three years.
            During the course of hearing, learned counsel for the  appellant
raised various contentions.  First and  foremost  ,  it  was  sought  to  be
canvassed, that there was no direct  or  ocular  evidence  recorded  at  the
behest  of  the  prosecution,  so  as  to  render  clear   and   unambiguous
culpability of the appellant.  It was pointed out, that  the  conviction  of
the appellant by the trial Court, as also, by  the  High  Court,  was  based
only on circumstantial evidence.  The most relevant circumstantial  evidence
taken into consideration by the High Court, according  to  learned  counsel,
was the extra-judicial confession made by the appellant, to R.V.  Alagurajan
– PW12 on 22.1.2008.  The details of the  aforesaid  confessional  statement
have already been recorded by us hereinabove.  It was the submission of  the
learned counsel for the appellant, that R.V. Alagurajan – PW12 was  a  stark
stranger to the appellant, and therefore, there  was  no  occasion  for  the
appellant, to have made a confessional statement to him.  It was  submitted,
that in any case, keeping in mind the fact, that the deceased –  Jayalakshmi
had gone missing on 6.9.2007, there was no justification for the  accused  –
appellant to have  made  a  confessional  statement  months  thereafter,  on
22.1.2008.
      We would have ordinarily dealt with the instant submission by  itself.
 However, during the course of hearing, the same was  sought  to  be  linked
with another submission advanced at the hands of  the  learned  counsel  for
the appellant, namely, the recovery of the nose-stud at the  behest  of  the
confessional statement made by  the  accused  -appellant  to  the  Inspector
Arumugam – PW20 on 22.1.2008.  It was the contention of the learned  counsel
for the appellant, that  the  nose-stud  recovered  at  the  behest  of  the
appellant, weighted only 0.215 mg.  It  was  pointed  out,  that  there  are
thousands of such nose-pins, and it was wholly improper for the  prosecution
to rely on the trumped up recovery of a nose-pin.  It  was  submitted,  that
it was the case of the prosecution itself, that  the  nose-pin  in  question
was of the value of just about Rs.450/-.  The more vigorous submission  with
reference to the nose-pin was, that the case of the  prosecution,  that  the
appellant herein, as also, the co-accused had badly mutilated  the  face  of
the deceased – Jayalakshmi, by crushing her face with stones, and  as  such,
there was no  question of the recovery of  the  nose-pin  form  a  mutilated
face. It was submitted, that if the accused had  taken  the  nose-pin  after
mutilating the  face  of  the  accused,  the  nose-pin  ought  to  have  had
fragments of  skin, bone and blood.  However,  the  nose-pin  recovered  was
clean and without any human tissue.  It was also submitted, that  the  nose-
pin, which was allegedly recovered at the instance  of  the  appellant,  was
perfectly in-tact.  In this behalf, it was pointed out, that if the face  of
the deceased – Jayalakshmi was crushed with stones, the nose-pin  could  not
be expected to have retained its original shape.
             We  have  given  our  thoughtful  consideration  to   the   two
submissions advanced at the hands of the learned counsel for the  appellant.
 Insofar as the extra-judicial confession is concerned, it is  necessary  to
emphasize, that the non-recording of the extra-judicial  confession  over  a
span of time, in the facts of the present  case,  was  inconsequential.   We
say so, because the  appellant  was  not  a  suspect  till  21.1.2008.   The
appellant feared his arrest with reference to the allegations pertaining  to
the deceased – Jayalakshmi, only when the investigating officer, Arumugam  –
PW20  affirmed with Shanmugam – PW6 on 21.01.2008, that  the  appellant  had
been seen, close to the place of occurrence.  It is immediately  thereafter,
and on the immediately following day, that  the  appellant  made  an  extra-
judicial confession to R.V. Alagurajan – PW12.
            It is also not a matter of dispute, that R.V. Alagurajan –  PW12
was the then Village  Administrative  Officer.   It  is  obvious,  that  the
aforesaid extra-judicial  confession  was  made  as  is  apparent  from  the
statement of the appellant (extracted hereinabove) to save himself from  any
adverse, physical handling by the investigating  authorities.   Undoubtedly,
R.V. Alagurajan – PW12, the Village Administrative Officer, effectuated  the
aforesaid object, by accompanying the appellant to the police  station,  and
ensuring his arrest at the hands of Arumugam – PW20.
            Insofar as the submissions advanced at the hands of the  learned
counsel for the appellant with reference to the nose-pin are  concerned,  we
are of the view, that none of the contentions  advanced  on  behalf  of  the
appellant, can be accepted as a valid  justification,  for  exculpating  the
appellant from the charges levelled against him.  In this behalf,  it  would
be relevant to mention, that a missing person's  report  was  registered  by
the father of the deceased – P. Matheswaran, on 7.9.2007.   In  the  missing
person's report, it was clearly mentioned, that the deceased  was wearing  a
nose-pin when she had gone missing.  The reason  for  indicating,  that  the
deceased was wearing a nose-pin, was with the clear purpose  of  aiding  the
identification of his missing daughter – Jayalakshmi.   This  was  obviously
for the reason, that the deceased – Jayalakshmi, was mentally unstable,  and
would not have been in a position to  express  her  identification,  or  the
identification of her parents, or the place of her  residence,  by  herself.
In  the  recovery  mahazar  dated  22.1.2008,  the  recovered  nose-pin  was
depicted  as  being  imbedded  with  four  white  stones.  It  is  therefore
apparent, that the nose-pin worn by the deceased – Jayalakshmi when she  had
gone missing, was not any ordinary unidentifiable artifact, but was  clearly
different from the usual nose-studs.  Not only that, the photograph  of  the
deceased submitted along with the missing  person's  report  dated  7.9.2007
shows a clear picture of the  nose-pin,  and  therefore,  to  say  that  the
involvement of the accused on the basis of the nose-pin,  was  improper,  is
not acceptable.  Insofar as the absence  of  blood,  skin  tissue  and  bone
tissue  on  the  nose-pin  is  concerned,  it  is  clear  to  us,  that  the
submissions were made by the learned  counsel,  without  having  viewed  the
photograph of the deceased, as is available  on  the  record  of  the  trial
Court.  As already  noticed  hereinabove,  the  nose-pin  was  worn  by  the
deceased – Jayalakshmi, in the photograph attached to the  missing  person's
report dated 7.9.2007.  The same was missing  from  the  photograph  of  the
deceased, after her body was recovered.  The nose itself was not  mutilated,
and was in-tact. No  injury  whatsoever  was  found  on  the  nose,  in  the
photograph of the deceased.  It was therefore wholly  unjustified,  for  the
learned counsel for the appellant to have raised the  submission,  that  the
absence of any human tissue on the nose-pin, would lead  to  the  inference,
that the nose-pin in question, was not the one belonging  to  the  deceased.
For the reasons recorded hereinabove,  we  find  no  merit  in  the  instant
contentions, advanced on behalf of the appellant.
            Insofar as the veracity of the extra  judicial  confession  made
by the appellant is  concerned,  it  would  be  relevant  to  mention  that,
learned counsel,  during  the  course  of  hearing,  placed  reliance  on  a
judgment rendered by this Court in Kala  @  Chandrakala  vs.  State  through
Inspector  of  Police  (Criminal  Appeal  No.  1791  of  2010,   decided  on
12.08.2016), wherein this Court had observed as under:
6.    Firstly, we will examine whether the extra-judicial  confession  which
is a weak kind of evidence, inspire the  confidence.   Susheela,  P.W.4  has
stated that Murugesan was married to  the  appellant  14  years  before  the
incident.   She came in search of his brother Murugesan to the house of  the
deceased.    Murugesan  has  told  her  on  12.5.2005  that  appellant   had
threatened to kill him as he was habitual of consuming  alcohol.   When  she
did not receive any telephone call for 15 days from the deceased,  she  went
to his village. On enquiry she was informed by the appellant that  she,  her
nephew Prakasam and father murdered the deceased and threw  his  body  under
the bridge.   Susheela, P.W.4 further stated that the appellant touched  her
legs and stated that  she  would  give  properties  of  her  father  to  two
children and that she should not  inform  the  police.    Thereafter,  P.W.4
went to the police station on the  same  day  and  lodged  the  complaint  –
Ex.P2.   The police showed her the photograph, shirt and slippers and  asked
her to identify the same.  She identified them to be of  her  brother.   She
has further stated to  have  gone  to  police  station  after  5  days  with
photograph of deceased. In the cross-examination, she has also  stated  that
she had signed the agreement for sale of land executed by  the  accused.  It
is apparent that accused was not having  good  relationship  with  Susheela,
PW.4.  Making confession to such an inimical person is most unlikely.   When
the witness had gone in search of the deceased to the house of  the  accused
it is most unlikely that the confessional statement would  be  made  to  her
readily.  It is not that the appellant had gone to the  house  of  P.W.4  to
make the confession. On the other hand query was made  by  the  daughter  of
the deceased to Susheela, P.W.4 as  to  the  whereabouts  of  the  deceased,
meaning thereby the whereabouts of the deceased were not known even  to  his
daughter.    In case the deceased had been killed in the house, perhaps  the
daughter would have known about the offence having  been  committed  by  the
accused.

7.    In Sahadevan and Anr. v. State of Tamil Nadu (2012) 6 SCC 403, it  has
been observed that extra-judicial confession  is  weak  piece  of  evidence.
Before acting  upon  it  the  Court  must  ensure  that  the  same  inspires
confidence and  it  is  corroborated  by  other  prosecution  evidence.   In
Balwinder Singh v. State of Punjab 1995  Supp  (4)  SCC  259,  it  has  been
observed that extra-judicial confession requires  great  deal  of  care  and
caution before acceptance.  There  should  be  no  suspicious  circumstances
surrounding it.  In Pakkirisamy v. State of Tamil Nadu (1997) 8 SCC  158  it
has been observed  that  there  has  to  be  independent  corroboration  for
placing any reliance upon extra-judicial confession.  In Kavita v. State  of
Tamil Nadu (1998) 6 SCC 108 it has been observed  that  reliability  of  the
same depends upon the  veracity  of  the  witnesses  to  whom  it  is  made.
Similar view has been expressed in State of Rajasthan v. Raja Ram  (2003)  8
SCC 180, in which this Court has  further  observed  that  witness  must  be
unbiased and not even remotely inimical  to  the  accused.   In  Aloke  nath
Dutta v. State of West Bengal (2007) 12 SCC 230 it has  been  observed  that
the main features of confession are required  to  be  verified.   In  Sansar
Chand v. State of Rajasthan (2010) 10 SCC 604  it  has  been  observed  that
extra-judicial confession should be corroborated by some other  material  on
record.  In Rameshbhai Chandubhai Rathod v. State of Gujarat  (2009)  5  SCC
740 it has been observed that in the case  of  retracted  confession  it  is
unsafe for the Court to rely on it.   In Vijay Shankar v. State  of  Haryana
(2015) 12 SCC  644  this  Court  has  followed  the  decision  in  Sahadevan
(supra).”

Based on the aforesaid judgment rendered by this Court,  it  was  submitted,
that the extra-judicial confession being  a weak piece of  evidence,  should
not  have  been  relied  upon,  for  determining  the  culpability  of   the
appellant.
             Having  given  our  thoughtful  consideration  on   the   above
contention, we are of the view, that the judgment  relied  upon  by  learned
counsel, is wholly inapplicable in  the  facts  and  circumstances  of  this
case, for two distinguishing features in the present case, namely, that  the
extra judicial confession in the  instant  case  was  made  to  the  Village
Administrative Officer R.V. Alagurajan – PW12, who was totally unbiased  and
unconnected with the controversy in hand.  He could also not  to  be  stated
to be inimical to the appellant. He is not shown to  have  any  relationship
with either the complainant or the accused. Moreover, insofar as  the  extra
judicial confession made in the judgment relied upon  by  the  appellant  is
concerned, the same had been made by the accused,   to  the  sister  of  the
deceased, which by itself  made  the  extra  judicial  confession  extremely
doubtful.  We are therefore not impressed with the  submission  advanced  by
the learned counsel for the appellant, based on the cited judgment.
            The next  contention  advanced  at  the  hands  of  the  learned
counsel for the appellant was, on the third circumstantial  evidence  taking
into consideration, namely, the last seen evidence.   For  establishing  the
above  circumstance,  the  prosecution  had  relied  upon   two   witnesses,
Shanmugam – PW6, and Mubarak – PW7.   In  the  statements  recorded  by  the
aforesaid two witnesses under Section 161 of the  Criminal  Procedure  Code,
they had stated, that they had seen the appellant and the co-accused in  the
company of the deceased – Jayalakshmi.   While  recording  their  statements
before the trial Court,  Shanmugam – PW6 and Mubarak – PW7 resiled from  the
version indicated by them, to the investigating officer.   It  is  therefore
apparent, that  no  last  seen  evidence,  could  be  substantiated  by  the
prosecution,  during the course of the trial of the  appellant.  We  are  of
the view, that the deposition at the hands of Shanmugam – PW6 and Mubarak  –
PW7, can be described  as  a  matter  of  improper  handling  of  the  case,
inasmuch as, both Shanmugam – PW6 and Mubarak – PW7 had also recorded  their
statements under Section 164 of  the  Criminal  Procedure  Code,  affirming,
that they had seen the appellant and the co-accused in the  company  of  the
deceased – Jayalakshmi. However, since the statement of the two  prosecution
witnesses recorded under Sections 161 and  164  of  the  Criminal  Procedure
Code, was not put to them,  after  they  were  declared  hostile,  and  were
subjected to cross-examination at the behest of the prosecution, we have  no
alternative, but to overlook the last seen evidence sought to  be  projected
by the prosecution.
            In the above view of the matter, it was the  contention  of  the
learned counsel for the appellant,  that  there  was  no  material  evidence
available on the record of the case, to return a  clear  finding  of  guilt,
against the appellant. It was submitted, that  the  circumstantial  evidence
projected through the prosecution witnesses, did not complete the  chain  of
circumstances, as would establish the guilt of the appellant.
            We have given our thoughtful consideration  to  the  submissions
advanced at the hands of the learned counsel for the appellant.  As  noticed
hereinabove, there was a clear and categoric extra-judicial confession  made
by the appellant to R.V. Alagurajan – PW12 on 22.1.2008.  During the  course
of recording  his  testimony,  R.V.  Alagurajan  –  PW12  was  subjected  to
vigorous  cross-examination.  His  testimony  however   remained   unshaken.
Resultantly, the trial Court, as also, the High Court,  concluded  that  the
extra-judicial confession was genuine.  We endorse the  above  determination
at the hands of the trial Court and the High  Court.   Consequent  upon  the
accused-appellant's extra-judicial confession, the appellant  was  taken  to
the police station by R.V. Alagurajan – PW12, and produced before  Inspector
Arumugam – PW20. It is therefore apparent, that the arrest of the  appellant
at the behest of R.V. Alagurajan – PW12, has also been clearly  established.
 The next chain in the circumstantial evidence projected  at  the  hands  of
the prosecution, was the recovery of the nose-pin  on  22.1.2008,  based  on
the statement of the appellant, to Inspector Arumugam –  PW20.   The  afore-
stated nose-pin has been identified by the members  of  the  family  of  the
deceased, as the one that was actually worn by the deceased, when  she  went
missing.   Since  the  nose-pin  was  recovered  at  the  instance  of   the
appellant, from a remote place under an electric  transformer,  no  one  but
the appellant could have been aware  of  its  location.   Its  recovery  was
therefore suffient, along with the other  evidence  referred  to  above,  to
clearly implicate the appellant.  It is also necessary for  us  to  mention,
that there is yet another aspect of the matter, which furthers the cause  of
the prosecution, namely, the statement of M.Abdul Khader  –  PW8.   In  this
behalf, it would be relevant to mention, that the appellant used to  hire  a
share-autorikshaw, for earning his livelihood.   The  aforesaid  autorikshaw
was hired from the garrage of Annamalai – PW9.  M.Abdul  Khader  –  PW8  was
engaged as an accountant at  the  garrage  of   Annamalai  –  PW9.   It  was
pointed out in the deposition of M.Abdul Khader  –  PW8,  that  on  a  daily
basis the share-autorikshaw hired  by  the  accused-appellant  and  the  co-
accused used to be returned to the garrage of  Annamalai – PW9 between  8.30
p.m to 9.30 p.m.. However, on the date of  occurrence,  i.e.,  the  relevant
date when  the  alleged  crime  was  committed,  the  share-autorikshaw  was
returned on the following day, at 1.30 a.m.  The  case  of  the  prosecution
is, that the autorikshaw was used by the appellant  and  the  co-accused  in
commission of the crime.  It  was  imperative  for  the  appellant  to  have
expressly indicated the reasons and  justification  for  not  returning  the
autorikshaw to the garrage of Annamalai – PW9  between  8.30  p.m.  to  9.30
p.m., on the relevant date.  Not having done so, by itself, is  a  cause  of
suspicion, specially when there is other  material  evidence,  projected  by
the prosecution, to demonstrate the involvement of  the  appellant,  in  the
commission of the crime.  We are of the view, that  the  aforesaid  evidence
recorded by the prosecution was sufficient, even  in  the  absence  of  last
seen evidence, to return a finding of guilt against the appellant.
            It is imperative for us to  record,  that  in  addition  to  the
afore-stated submissions advanced at the hands of the  learned  counsel  for
the appellant, learned counsel had also contended, that the  co-accused  was
acquitted by the High Court, and that, his acquittal was based on  the  same
evidence, produced through the same witnesses. It  was  contended,  that  it
was improper and unjustified, for the High  Court,  to  have  convicted  the
appellant, and acquitted the co-accused, on the same evidence.  We  find  no
justification in the  instant  contention  advanced  at  the  hands  of  the
learned counsel. We  have  already  recorded  hereinabove,  that  the  extra
judicial confession made to R.V. Alagurajan – PW12,  was  by  the  appellant
herein, and not by the co-accused. We have also recorded  hereinabove,  that
the recovery of the nose-pin found missing from the nose  of  the  deceased,
was at the instance of the appellant, and  not  at  the  hands  of  the  co-
accused.  Therefore, the case of the co-accused, was on a clearly  different
footing, and there was sufficient justification for the High Court, to  have
taken a different view,SW in the case of the co-accused.
            For the reasons recorded hereinabove, we find  no  justification
whatsoever to interfere with the conviction  and  sentence  awarded  to  the
appellant, by the High Court.
            The instant appeal is accordingly dismissed.


                                                 …....................J.
                                              [JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR]

NEW DELHI;                                       …....................J.
AUGUST 31, 2016.                                       [ARUN MISHRA]




ITEM NO.102               COURT NO.3               SECTION IIA

               S U P R E M E  C O U R T  O F  I N D I A
                       RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Criminal Appeal  No(s).  2341/2010

KADMANIAN @ MANIKANDAN                             Appellant(s)

                                VERSUS

STATE TR.INSP.OF POLICE                            Respondent(s)
(with appln. (s) for permission to file additional documents and exemption
from filing O.T. and office report)

Date : 31/08/2016 This appeal was called on for hearing today.

CORAM :
         HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR
         HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ARUN MISHRA

For Appellant(s) Mr. Sunil Fernandes,Adv.
                       Mr. Puneeth K.G., Adv.
                       Ms. Astha Sharma, Adv.

For Respondent(s)      Mr. M. Yogesh Kanna,Adv.
                       Ms. Nithya, Adv.

          UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following
                             O R D E R

            The appeal is dismissed in terms  of  the  Reportable  judgment,
which is placed on the file.
            Pending application, if any, also stands disposed of.

  (Renuka Sadana)                            (Parveen Kumar)
 Assistant Registrar                      AR-cum-PS