GANGA DHAR KALITA Vs. STATE OF ASSAM & ORS.
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Crl.), 592 of 2015, Judgment Date: Apr 13, 2015
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 592 OF 2015
(Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 4425 of 2014)
Ganga Dhar Kalita ... Appellant
Versus
The State of Assam and others ...Respondents
J U D G M E N T
Prafulla C. Pant, J.
This appeal is directed against judgment and order dated 20.3.2014,
passed by the Gauhati High Court in Criminal Petition No. 287 of 2009,
whereby said Court has dismissed the petition under Section 482 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short "the Code") and declined to quash
the criminal proceedings initiated against the appellant.
We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the papers on
record.
Brief facts of the case are that a First Information Report dated 25.1.2009
was got lodged by respondent No. 3 Rabindra Nath Kalita at Police Station,
Panbazar, District Kamrup, Assam. It is alleged in said report that
Kaustav K. Kalita is minor son of respondent No. 3. He (Kaustav K.
Kalita), respondent No. 4 Rishi Raj Borgohain, and respondent No. 5 Yuva
Raj Borgohain are pattadars-in-possession of the land measuring 11 Bigha 2
Kathas 12 Lachas of Patta No. 56, situated in Village Kamarkuchi under
Panbari Mouza of the District. It is further alleged that the complainant
(respondent No. 3) came to know that appellant Ganga Dhar Kalita and one
Birendra Kumar Das have sold the above mentioned land in favour of Sewali
Oza, Kabindra Oza and Kaifie Oza. On enquiry, according to the
complainant, it was discovered that Ganga Dhar Kalita (appellant) has
fraudulently got executed a power of attorney Deed No. 2062 dated 11.4.2006
by forging signatures of Kaustav K. Kalita, Rishi Raj Borgohain and Yuva
Raj Borgohain. Rishi Raj Borgohain (respondent No. 4) is also signatory in
the First Information Report given by respondent No. 3 to the police. On
the above complaint, police appears to have registered the case as crime
No. 25 of 2009 in respect of offences punishable under Sections 419, 468,
420, 471/34 of Indian Penal Code.
The present appellant challenged the First Information Report by filing a
petition under Section 482 of the Code on the ground that the dispute
between the parties is of civil in nature. It is also pleaded by the
appellant that a title suit No. 477 of 2008 has already instituted by
Birendra Kumar Das. It is also urged that another suit No. 293 of 2009 was
filed before the Court of Civil Judge No. 3, Guwahati, by the informants
(respondent Nos. 3 and 4) seeking cancellation of the power of attorney in
question.
However, after hearing the parties, the High Court was not impressed with
the arguments advanced on behalf of the accused (appellant), and observed
that since the allegations made against him make out a cognizable offence,
and the allegations are serious in nature, as such, it declined to
interfere with the criminal proceedings. The High Court further opined
that the complainant has not acted mala fide.
Learned counsel for the appellant argued before us that since there are two
suits already instituted, one filed by Birendra Kumar Das and another filed
by the complainants, as such, the criminal proceedings in the matter are
nothing but abuse of process of law.
In response to the above, learned counsel for the respondents/complainants
drew our attention to the copy of order dated 15.11.2011 passed in Title
Suit No. 477 of 2008, i.e., one instituted by Birendra Kumar Das. Copy of
said order, which is annexure A-1 to the counter affidavit filed on behalf
of respondent Nos. 3 and 4, shows that Title Suit No. 477 of 2008 was
dismissed for non-prosecution. There is nothing on the record to suggest
that after dismissal of the suit on 15.11.2011 said suit was restored. In
view of said fact, it can be said that the appellant has attempted to
suppress the fact that Title Suit No. 477 of 2008 has been dismissed. As
to the pendency of the suit No. 293 of 2009 filed by respondent Nos. 3 and
4 and Kaustav K. Kalita, it is true that they have sought cancellation of
general power of attorney Deed No. 2062 of 2006 dated 11.4.2006 purporting
to have been executed in respect of the property in question.
The allegations made in the First Information Report disclose that there
are serious allegations against the appellant (accused) that he
fraudulently got executed the power of attorney, and Kaustav K. Kalita was
minor (aged nine years) on the date when the deed was said to have been
signed by him. It is also alleged that respondent No. 5 Yuva Raj
Borgohain, who is said to be another person who executed the power of
attorney, was away from India on the date of alleged execution of the Deed.
In Arun Bhandari v. State of Uttar Pradesh and others[1], this Court has
held that if the allegations in the First Information Report are not
frivolous, mala fide or vexatious, it cannot be simply quashed for the
reason that civil suit is also pending in the matter. Paragraphs 2, 3 and
33 of said case are reproduced below: -
"2. The factual score as depicted is that the appellant is a non-resident
Indian (NRI) living in Germany and while looking for a property in Greater
Noida, he came in contact with Respondent 2 and her husband, Raghuvendra
Singh, who claimed to be the owner of the property in question and offered
to sell the same. On 24-3-2008, as alleged, both the husband and wife
agreed to sell the residential plot bearing No. 131, Block Cassia Fistula
Estate, Sector Chi-4, Greater Noida, U.P. for a consideration of Rs
2,43,97,880 and an agreement to that effect was executed by Respondent 3,
both the husband and wife jointly received a sum of Rs 1,05,00,000 from the
appellant towards part-payment of the sale consideration. It was further
agreed that Respondents 2 and 3 would obtain permission from the Greater
Noida Authority to transfer the property in his favour and execute the deed
of transfer within 45 days from the grant of such permission.
3. As the factual antecedents would further reveal, the said agreement was
executed on the basis of a registered agreement executed in favour of
Respondent 3 by the original allottee, Smt Vandana Bhardwaj to sell the
said plot. After expiry of a month or so, the appellant enquired from
Respondent 3 about the progress of delivery of possession from the original
allottee, but he [pic]received conflicting and contradictory replies which
created doubt in his mind and impelled him to rush to Noida and find out
the real facts from the Greater Noida Authority. On due enquiry, he came to
know that there was a registered agreement in favour of the third
respondent by Smt Vandana Bhardwaj; that a power of attorney had been
executed by the original allottee in favour of Respondent 2, the wife of
Respondent 3; that the original allottee, to avoid any kind of litigation,
had also executed a will in favour of Respondent 3; and that Respondent 2
by virtue of the power of attorney, executed in her favour by the original
allottee, had transferred the said property in favour of one Monika Goel
who had got her name mutated in the record of the Greater Noida Authority.
Coming to know about the aforesaid factual score, he demanded refund of the
money from the respondents, but a total indifferent attitude was exhibited,
which compelled him to lodge an FIR at Police Station Kasna, which gave
rise to Criminal Case No. 563 of 2009.
xxx xxx xxx
33. Applying the aforesaid parameters we have no hesitation in coming to
hold that neither the FIR nor the protest petition was mala fide, frivolous
or vexatious. It is also not a case where there is no substance in the
complaint. The manner in which the investigation was conducted by the
officer who eventually filed the final report and the transfer of the
investigation earlier to another officer who had almost completed the
investigation and the entire case diary which has been adverted to in
detail in the protest petition prima facie makes out a case against the
husband and the wife regarding collusion and the intention to cheat from
the very beginning, inducing the appellant to hand over a huge sum of money
to both of them. Their conduct of not stating so many aspects, namely, the
power of attorney executed by the original owner, the will and also the
sale effected by the wife in the name of Monika Singh on 28-7-2008 cannot
be brushed aside at this stage."
No doubt, where the criminal complaints are filed in respect of property
disputes of civil in nature only to harass the accused, and to pressurize
him in the civil litigation pending, and there is prima facie abuse of
process of law, it is well within the jurisdiction of the High Court to
exercise its powers under Section 482 of the Code to quash the criminal
proceedings. However, the powers under the section are required to be
exercised sparingly. In Kamaladevi Agarwal v. State of W.B. and others[2],
this Court has observed as under: -
"This Court has consistently held that the revisional or inherent powers of
quashing the proceedings at the initial stage should be exercised sparingly
[pic]and only where the allegations made in the complaint or the FIR, even
if taken at their face value and accepted in entirety, do not prima facie
disclose the commission of an offence. Disputed and controversial facts
cannot be made the basis for the exercise of the jurisdiction."
Having considered the law laid down by this Court, as above, and further
considering the facts and circumstances of the case and seriousness of the
allegations made against the accused, particularly that one of the persons
said to have executed the power of attorney was minor, and another was away
from India, in our opinion, even if the civil suit was instituted by the
complainant, the High Court committed no error of law in declining to
interfere with the criminal proceedings initiated against the appellant in
the present case.
Therefore, we are not inclined to interfere with the order passed by the
High Court dismissing the petition under Section 482 of the Code.
Accordingly the appeal is dismissed. However, we clarify that the
observations made in our order would not be read to influence the civil or
criminal proceedings pending between the parties.
......................................J.
[Dipak Misra]
......................................J.
New Delhi; [Prafulla C. Pant]
April 13, 2015.
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[1] (2013) 2 SCC 801
[2] (2002) 1 SCC 555
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