FARUK ILAHI TAMBOLI & ANR Vs. B.S.SHANKARRAO KOKATE(D) BY LRS.& ORS.
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Civil), 8648 of 2015, Judgment Date: Oct 14, 2015
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No.8648 OF 2015
(Arising out of SLP(C)No.22973 of 2010)
FARUK ILAHI TAMBOLI & ANR .......APPELLANTS
VERSUS
B.S.SHANKARRAO KOKATE(D) BY LRS.& ORS. .......RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR, J.
1. The petitioners-plaintiffs purchased the suit property bearing
CTS No.2640/C in Barshi town, Barshi Taluka, District Sholapur, measuring
9.7 square meters, on 06.09.1980. At the time of purchase of the property,
the ancestor of the respondent-defendant (who has since expired, and is now
represented by his legal heirs) was occupying the suit property as a
tenant. The contractual rent thereof was Rs.36/- per month. Having
purchased the aforesaid property, the petitioners issued a notice to the
respondent, intimating him about the change in title. In spite of receipt
of the attornment notice, the respondent did not tender any rent to the
petitioners for the period from 1980 to 1982. The petitioners then issued a
notice dated 01.05.1982, demanding arrears of rent at the rate of Rs.36/-
per month. Despite of the receipt of aforesaid notice, the respondent did
not tender any rent to the petitioners. In fact, through a communication
dated 10.09.1982, the respondent took a stand, that he had filed an
application for fixation of “standard rent”, and as such, till the
aforesaid application was disposed of, no rent was payable by him to the
petitioners. Insofar as the issue of non-payment of rent, and the prayer
made by the petitioners in the aforesaid notice for eviction from the
premises are concerned, the stand adopted by the respondent was that he was
not a defaulter for a period of more than six months, and as such, the
notice issued by the petitioners was invalid under the provisions of the
Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947 (hereinafter
referred to as `the Rent Act'). The assertion that the respondent was not a
defaulter for more than six months, was based on yet another factual
assertion, that the respondent had paid a sum of Rs.180/- by cash to the
uncle of the petitioners, whereafter the respondent was not in default for
a period of more than six months.
2. Consequent upon the denial by the respondent to tender any
rent, the petitioners filed Regular Civil Suit No.420 of 1982. In the
aforesaid Suit, besides the plea of eviction based on non-payment of rent,
the petitioners also claimed the premises for their reasonable and bona
fide need.
3. The respondent contested the aforesaid Suit by preferring a
written statement wherein he reiterated, that the rent was not payable by
him to the petitioners till the fixation of “standard rent”. It was also
his claim, that an application for determination of “standard rent” was
pending. He also undertook to pay all arrears of rent, as and when the
aforesaid application was disposed of. It is not a matter of dispute that
the respondent had impleaded the petitioners, in the aforesaid application
(for fixation of “standard rent”) and for all intents and purposes, the
petitioners participated in the proceedings pertaining to the fixation of
“standard rent”. On the issue of eviction based on non-payment of rent,
the stand adopted by the respondent was that he had paid a sum of Rs.180/-
by cash to the uncle of the petitioners, and on account of the said
payment, the notice issued by the petitioners seeking eviction of the
respondent on the ground of non-payment of rent, was defective.
4. The Standard Rent Application No.80/1979 was finally decided on
16.10.1984. The Court fixed the “standard rent” at Rs.36/- per month, which
admittedly was the same as the contractual rent payable by the respondent
on account of the tenancy of the suit property.
5. The trial Court disposed of Regular Civil Suit No.420 of 1982,
on 15.03.1989. The pleas raised by the petitioner were accepted.
Dissatisfied with the order passed by the trial Court, the respondent
preferred Civil Appeal No.187 of 1989 before the IV Additional District
Judge, Sholapur. The IV Additional District Judge, Sholapur, disposed of
the above appeal on 21.04.1993 by reversing the decision rendered by the
trial Court. It is, therefore, that the petitioners-landlords approached
the High Court by filing Writ Petition No.2254 of 1993. The said Writ
Petition was dismissed on 26.02.2010, which has led to the filing of the
present special leave petition.
6. Leave granted.
7. We have heard learned counsel for the rival parties.
8. Having given our thoughtful consideration to the submissions
advanced at the hands of the learned counsel for the rival parties, we are
satisfied that no interference whatsoever is called for, on the claim of
the appellants for the eviction of the respondents, on the ground of non-
payment of rent. We, therefore, hereby affirmed the findings recorded by
the IV Additional District Judge, Sholapur, as also by the High Court, on
the issue of non-payment of rent.
9. The question that has engaged us while hearing the present
controversy, pertains only to the bona fide need of the appellants, of
property bearing CTS No.2640/C, which was purchased by the appellants on
06.09.1980. The aforesaid premises admittedly measures 9.7 square meters.
The claim of the appellants was, that they needed the premises to run their
own business. It was the assertion of the appellants, that at the relevant
time, they were selling betel-nuts and betel-leaves, in the open on the
street, and that, they needed the shop in question, which was most suited
for the aforestated business. The claim of the appellants was disputed by
the respondents,by asserting that the appellants were joint with their
father and uncle, in residence as well as in business. It was the case of
the respondents, that the father and uncle of the appellants, were running
their business in CTS No.2640/A and 2640/B. It was pointed out, that they
were also dealing in the business of betel-leaves, betel-nuts, bidys
(Indian hand-rolled cigarettes) and tobacco etc. It was, therefore, the
assertion at the behest of the respondents, that the plea of bona fide
necessity was merely a trumped up plea, and was wholly unacceptable.
10. The repudiation at the hands of the respondents, was sought to
be controverted by the appellants by asserting, that they were not joint
and that, there was no system of joint family amongst Mohammedans. The case
set up was that amongst Muslims, there was no presumption of passing of
joint family property to descendants. It was submitted, that even the
ration cards of the appellants were separated from other members of the
family in 1985 (even though admittedly the suit for eviction was filed in
1982). It was the contention of the respondents, that the father and uncle
of the appellants were unwell, and in fact, the business of the father and
uncle was being taken care of by the appellants. Besides the aforesaid,
learned counsel for the respondents invited our attention to the fact, that
an affidavit was filed by one of the legal heirs of the original tenant
before the High Court, during the course of proceedings in Writ Petition
No.2254 of 1993, wherein the following stand was adopted by the
respondents:
“7. I state that the Petitioners have also purchased the property
bearing CTS No.3569/A after admission of the present Writ Petition. I state
that the property bearing CTS No.3569/A is admeasuring 114-2 Sq.mtrs. and
the Petitioners are running a flour mill in the said property. Hereto
marked and annexed as Exhibit-`4’ is the copy of the property extract of
the property bearing CTS No.3569/A.
8. I state that the Petitioners after admission of the abovementioned
Writ Petition on 29.4.1994 have purchased property bearing CTS No.3568/A,
which is admeasuring 105-7 Sq.mts. I state that the said property bearing
CTS No.3568/A is situated at less than 100 mtrs. from the suit property. I
state that the Petitioners are carrying wholesale business of various goods
including beetle leaves, cigarette and fire work items. Hereto marked and
annexed as Exhibit-`5’ is the copy of the property extract of the property
bearing CTS No.3568A.”
(emphasis is ours)
11. In view of the factual position indicated in the affidavit
extracted above, it was submitted by the learned counsel for the
respondents, that the need of the appellants could not be considered to be
bona fide. Additionally, it was pointed out, that on account of purchase
of business premises during the pendency of the proceedings, it was not
possible to assume, that the bona fide necessity of the appellants was
subsisting. In order to support his contention, learned counsel for the
respondents placed reliance on Mattulal vs. Radhe Lal, (1974) 2 SCC 365,
and placed reliance on the following observations:
“12. The question would still remain whether there were proper
grounds on which this finding of fact could be interferred with by the
High Court. It is now well settled by several decisions of this Court
including the decision in Sarvate T.B.'s case(supra) and Smt. Kamla Soni's
case(supra) that mere assertion on the part of the landlord that he
requires the non-residential accommodation in the occupation of
the tenant for the purpose of starting or continuing his own business
is not decisive. It is for the court to determine the truth of the
assertion and also whether it is bona fide. The test which has to be
applied is an objective test and not a subjective one and merely
because a landlord asserts that he wants the non-residential
accommodation for the purpose of starting or continuing his own
business, that would not be enough to establish that he requires it
for that purpose and that his requirement is bona fide. The
word 'required' signifies that mere desire on the part of the landlord
is not enough but there should be an element of need and the landlord
must show - the burden being upon him - that he genuinely requires
the non-residential accommodation for the purpose of starting or
continuing his own business. The Additional District Judge did not
misdirect himself in regard to these matters, as for example, by
misconstruing the word 'required' or by erroneously placing the burden of
proof on the appellant and no error of law was committed by him in
arriving at the finding of fact in regard to the question of bona fide
requirement of the respondent, which would entitle the High Court in
second appeal to interfere with that finding of fact.”
12. In addition to the above, learned counsel placed reliance on Hasmat
Rai and another vs. Raghunath Prasad (1981) 3 SCC 103, so as to contend,
that the events which transpired during the pendency of the proceedings,
were liable to be taken into consideration for arriving at a final
determination, whether the bona fide need of the tenant subsists, and it is
only thereafter, that the eviction of a tenant can be ordered (based on the
ground of bona fide necessity, raised by a landlord).
13. Insofar as the submissions advanced by the learned counsel for
the rival parties are concerned, the first question that draws our
attention is, whether or not the need of the appellants was bona fide, when
the civil suit was preferred by the appellants on 10.09.1982. Having given
our thoughtful consideration to the aforesaid issue, we are satisfied, that
the fact, that the instant premises was purchased by the appellants on
06.09.1980 for a total consideration of Rs.10,000/- even though the same
was earning a meager rent of Rs.36/- per month, is indicative of the fact,
that the appellants had not purchased the premises for earning rent
therefrom, but for the purpose of running a business therein. The assertion
made by the appellants that they wished to sell betel-leaves and related
articles in the premises, has not been seriously contested at the hands of
the respondents. But then, were the appellants engaged in some other
alternative business, at the time when the civil suit was filed? It was not
the case of the respondents, that any business activities were being
carried out by the appellants independently, from their father and uncle,
when the civil suit was filed. It certainly cannot be the claim at the
behest of a tenant, that the owner of a premises must continue in business
with his parents or relations, assuming there was a joint business
activity, to start with. That is usual, and happens all the time when
children come of age. And thereafter, they must have the choice to run
their own life, by earning their own livelihood. The property owner has
the right to use his property as he chooses, and if the appellants in the
instant case had purchased the suit property, for running their own
business, we find no irregularity therein, nor can there be any doubt about
their bona fide desire to run the proposed business in the premises,
independent of the other family members. The premises measuring a mere 9.7
square meters, we are satisfied would be most suitable for the business
proposed by the appellants, namely, for selling betel-nuts and betel-
leaves. This is the usual size of the shops engaged in such business.
14. The aforesaid determination, however, would not render a final
decision in favour of the appellants, for the reason, that we would still
have to determine whether the bona fide need of the appellants was
subsisting? It is therefore, that we will venture to deal with the
affidavit placed on our record, by the learned counsel for the respondents,
relevant extracts of which have been reproduced hereinabove. A perusal of
the same reveals, that reference therein has been made to a property
bearing CTS No.3569/A admeasuring 114-2 square meters. This property was
purchased during the pendency of the proceedings arising out of Regular
Civil Suit No.420 of 1982. The affidavit itself indicates, that the
aforesaid premises is being used by the appellants to run a flour mill.
Even if the aforesaid factual position is accepted, it cannot be the case
of the respondents, that the appellants can run their betel-nuts and betel-
leaves business, from the premises which has a running flour mill. Thus
viewed, the purchase of property bearing CTS No.3569/A is inconsequential
insofar as the present controversy is concerned. The above affidavit
further indicates, the purchase of property bearing CTS No.3568/A
admeasuring 105-7 square meters by the appellants. This property was also
purchased during the pendency of the proceedings arising out of Regular
Civil Suit No.420 of 1982. It was also submitted, that the instant property
bearing CTS No.3568/A, is at a distance of merely 100 meters from the suit
property. It is also the assertion of the learned counsel for the
respondents, that the appellants are running wholesale business of various
goods including betel-leaves, cigarettes and fire-work items, and as such,
the instant premises could be put to use for the additional purpose, for
which the suit premises is being claimed by the appellants. Even though
the instant contention appears to be attractive, it is not possible for us
to accept the same, because a retail business of selling betel-nuts, bidi
and tobacco etc. cannot be run from a premises as large as the one in CTS
No.3568/A which admittedly measures 105-7 square meters. It is unlikely for
customers to visit such a large premises for buying betel-leaves, betel-
nuts and bidis etc. In our view, the suit premises which measures 9.7
square meters would attract retailers of the trade under reference, as
shops selling betel-leaves and betel-nuts are usually of the size of the
suit property. We therefore decline the submissions advanced by the learned
counsel for the respondents in this regard.
15. Having arrived at the above conclusion, it is imperative for us
also to determine the question of comparative hardship between the parties.
It was the submission of the learned counsel for the respondents, that they
have no business premises other than the one in question to earn their
livelihood, and that, if the respondents were to be vacated from the
premises, they would be deprived of their entire livelihood. The
submissions advanced by the learned counsel for the respondents, in our
view, does not lie in his mouth specially on account of the factual
position depicted in the findings recorded by the trial Court in paragraph
13 of the order dated 15.03.1989, which is being extracted hereunder:
“13. Now it has to be seen as to whom greater hardship will cause in
case of eviction. The fact is on record that adjacent to suit property,
there is property bearing C.T.S.No.2641 wherein the defendant is running
grocery shop. So in case of eviction of defendant from the suit premises,
there will not be much loss to the defendant as already he is in possession
of some premises adjacent to the suit premises. No fact was brought on
record that this premises C.T.S.No.2641 is not sufficient for him to run
both business of grocery shop and paint. It was contended on behalf of the
defendant that he will have to remain without food in case of his eviction
from the suit premises. But this contention of the defendant appears to be
baseless, because, the record shows that, the defendant has got
agricultural lands, bicycle shop in the name of his son and also grocery
shop being run in C.T.S.No.2641 adjacent to the suit property. Further the
fact is on record that, the defendant is running wine shop in partnership.
So all these circumstances are sufficient to infer that, the defendant will
not be put to greater hardship in case he is evicted from the suit
property, because there is alternative accommodation available for the
defendant which is adjacent to the suit premises and there are other
sources from which the defendant can earn and is earning. Much efforts
were made on behalf of the defendants to show how the plaintiffs are
economically sound. It was shown on behalf of the defendant that the
plaintiffs are dealing the business of matador and for that he has examined
witnesss Devdhar and Dhale. The witness Devdhar has stated that he was
driver on the matador of the plaintiffs and the plaintiffs used to pay his
remuneration. The witness Dhale has stated that at one occasion he had
obtained the vehicle of the plaintiffs on hire to proceed on journey. The
sum and substance of the defendants contention appears that the plaintiffs
are well to do. But even if for the sake of time being it is presumed that,
the plaintiffs are dealing in business of matador, that cannot be linked
with the need of plaintiff’s suit premises, because in the matador the
plaintiffs cannot run their business of betel leaves, bidy, cigarettes and
other in which they desire to step. For this business only property like
suit premises (is) required and matador will not fulfill that purpose.
Therefore I am not inclined to rely upon the contentions of the defendant
that he will suffer more loss in case of his eviction and that loss will be
comparatively more the suit premises. Consequently, I am of the opinion
that, more hardship will be caused to the plaintiffs if they are not put in
possession of the suit premises because it will be as like to deprive
plaintiffs from their right and enjoy their own property for their bonafide
requirement. Fact has been admitted by the defendant that, the plaintiffs
are well vertical in business of pan, bidy etc. It is for all the time
contention of the defendant that, the suit property has been purchased by
the plaintiffs, that the rent has been paid by him to plaintiffs, so all
these callings by defendant to plaintiffs in relation to suit property
shows that, suit property has been presumed by defendant as belong to the
plaintiffs and in existence of these facts contention of the defendant
cannot be accepted that there is alternative accommodation for plaintiffs
to run their business in the premises of their father or uncle when it is
not basic contention of the defendant that, the suit property has been
purchased by the plaintiffs, their father and uncle jointly. In the
result, I answer issue no.7A in the affirmative and issue no.7B
accordingly.”
(emphasis is ours)
16. The reason for us to rely on the averments recorded in paragraph 13
extracted hereinabove, emerges from the fact, that the factual position
depicted therein, was not disputed by the respondents, in the affidavit
filed before the High Court. Although, in the affidavit filed before the
High Court, respondent No.1 made a reference to some of the properties
which were used for business by his wife Kusum Kokate, he did not dispute
the fact that he was running a grocery shop in CTS No.2641, and besides the
aforesaid, he had a separate business premises wherein he was having a
bicycle-shop and, in addition thereto, he had agricultural lands. It is
also not disputed that the respondent was running a wine shop in
partnership with his wife. Thus viewed, we are satisfied, that the
comparative hardship would be that of the appellants, as against the
respondents.
17. In view of the above, we are of the view that the impugned
orders passed by the IV Additional District Judge, Sholapur dated
21.04.1993, and by the High Court dated 26.02.2010, while disposing of Writ
Petition No.2254 of 1993 deserve to be set aside. The same are accordingly
hereby set aside. The instant appeal is allowed. The respondents are
directed to vacate the premises on or before 31.12.2015.
..........................J.
(JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR)
..........................J.
(R. BANUMATHI)
NEW DELHI;
OCTOBER 14, 2015.
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