DHROPADABAI & ORS. Vs. M/S. TECHNOCRAFT TOOLINGS
Workmen\'s Compensation Act, 1923
Section 4 - Amount of Compensation
Employees\' State Insurance Act, 1948
Section 53 - Bar against receiving or recovery of compensation or damages under any other law
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Civil), 8155 of 2014, Judgment Date: Mar 19, 2015
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.8155 OF 2014
Dhropadabai and Others Appellant(s)
Versus
M/s. Technocraft Toolings Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
Dipak Misra, J.
The present appeal, by special leave, is directed against the
judgment and order dated 16th July, 2012, passed by the High Court of
Bombay Bench at Aurangabad in First Appeal No.462 of 2011, whereby the High
Court has allowed the appeal and set aside the award passed by the
Commissioner under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, (for short, 'the
1923 Act').
The facts which are requisite to be stated are that the
appellants, the legal heirs of Ambadas Lahane, filed an application for
grant of compensation under the 1923 Act before the labour Court,
Maharashtra at Aurangabad, forming the subject matter of Application No.51
of 2006. It was asserted in the application that the appellant No.1,
Dhropadabai, is the wife and the other respondents were minor children of
the deceased-employee, who had suffered a chest pain at the work place
about 8.30 a.m. on 2nd April, 2005. He was immediately taken to the
Medical College Hospital, Ghati, Aurangabad, where he was declared dead.
After the death took place, the appellant No.1 approached the authorities
of the respondent-employer for grant of compensation. As the same was not
granted, she along with her children, was compelled to move the labour
Court.
Before the labour Court, the employer, the respondent herein,
took two fold stand, namely, (i) that the legal heirs of the deceased-
employee were not entitled to get any compensation under the 1923 Act as
the deceased-employee was an insured person under the Employees' State
Insurance Act, 1948 (for short, 'the 1948 Act'), and (ii) the accident did
not occur during course of his employment as the death took place due to
coronary disorder, which has nothing to do with the work place. The labour
Court framed two principal issues, namely, whether the accident had
occurred during course of employment of the deceased-employee, and whether
the legal heirs were entitled for grant of compensation amounting to Rs.3
lacs along with 50% penalty and interest at the rate of 18% per annum on
the total amount of compensation from the date of accident till realization
of compensation amount as per law.
The labour Court considering the material brought on record and
the decision of this Court in Jyothi Ademma vs. Plant Engineer, Nellore &
Another[1], came to hold that the deceased-employee had died in course of
employment while remaining on duty with the respondent-employer.
Thereafter, it referred to the applicability of the 1923 Act in the
backdrop of Section 53 of the 1948 Act and came to hold that there was no
justification to deny the compensation under the 1923 Act solely because
the employee was an insured person under the 1948 Act. Being of this view,
the labour Court directed that a sum of Rs.4,07,700/- shall be awarded
towards the payment of compensation on the death of deceased Ambadas Lahane
to his legal heirs. It also stipulated that if the employer failed to pay
such compensation within a stipulated period, that is, one month, it will
be open to the legal heirs of the deceased-employee to file an application
under Section 4(a) of the 1923 Act.
Being grieved by the aforesaid award, the employer moved the
High Court and reiterated both the contentions. The High Court analyzing
the evidence on record and the stand put forth by the employer affirmed the
view expressed by the labour Court that the deceased was an employee under
the respondent-firm and he has breathed his last during the course of
employment. As far as the applicability of the 1923 Act is concerned, the
learned Single Judge opined on the basis of the decision rendered by this
Court in A. Trehan vs. Associated Electrical Agencies and Another[2] that
the legal heirs would not be entitled to get compensation under the 1923
Act as he was an insured person.
We have heard Mr. Sandeep Singh Tiwari, learned counsel for the
appellants and Mr. Shashibhushan P. Adgaonkar, learned counsel for the
respondent.
The status of the employee and the factum of his breathing last
during the course of employment, cannot be called in question as it hinges
on the facts and we find that the approach of the labour Court, as well as
of the High Court on this score is absolutely infallible. Therefore, the
only question that remains for consideration is whether the High Court is
justified in denying the benefit under the 1923 Act. In this context, we
may refer to Section 53 of the 1948 Act, which reads as under:
"53. Bar against receiving or recovery of compensation or damages under
any other law.- An insured person or his dependents shall not be entitled
to receive or recover, whether from the employer of the insured person or
from any other person, any compensation or damages under the Workmen's
Compensation Act, 1923 (8 of 1923), or any other law for the time being in
force or otherwise, in respect of an employment injury sustained by the
insured person as an employment injury sustained by the insured person as
an employee under this Act."
The aforesaid provision came to be interpreted by a two-Judge
Bench in A. Trehan's case, wherein the Court after reproducing the said
provision and taking note of the definition of workman as provided under
Section 2(1)(n) of the 1923 Act, came to hold as follows:
"A comparison of the relevant provisions of the two Acts makes it clear
that both the Acts provide for compensation to a workman/employee for
personal injury caused to him by accident arising out of and in the course
of his employment. The ESI is a later Act and has a wider coverage. It is
more comprehensive. It also provides for more compensation than what a
workman would get under the Workmen's Compensation Act. The benefits which
an employee can get under the ESI Act are more substantial than the
benefits which he can get under the Workmen's Compensation Act. The only
disadvantage, if at all it can be called a disadvantage, is that he will
get compensation under the ESI Act by way of periodical payments and not in
a lump sum as under the Workmen's Compensation Act. If the Legislature in
its wisdom thought it better to provide for periodical payments rather than
lump sum compensation its wisdom cannot be doubted. Even if it is assured
that the workmen had a better right under the Workman's Compensation Act in
this behalf it was open to the Legislature to take away or modify that
right. While enacting the ESI Act the intention of the Legislature could
not have been to create another remedy and a forum for claiming
compensation for an injury received by the employee by accident arising out
of and in the course of his employment."
Be it noted, the Court distinguished the decision rendered in
Regional Director, ESI Corporation vs. Francis De Costa[3], and overruled
the Full Bench decision of the High Court of Kerala in P. Asokan vs.
Western Indian Plywoods Ltd., Cannanore[4].
In Bharagath Engineering vs. R. Ranganayaki and Another[5], a
two-Judge Bench has ruled thus:
"The deceased employee was clearly an 'insured person', as defined in the
Act. As the deceased employee has suffered an employment injury as defined
under Section 2(8) of the Act and there is no dispute that he was in
employment of the employer, by operation of Section 53 of the Act,
proceedings under the Compensation Act were excluded statutorily. The High
Court was not justified in holding otherwise. We find that the Corporation
has filed an affidavit indicating that the benefits under the Act shall be
extended to the persons entitled under the Act. The benefits shall be
worked out by the Corporation and shall be extended to the eligible
persons."
In National Insurance Company Ltd. vs. Hamida Khatoon and
Others[6], reference has been made to A. Trehan's case, as well as
Bharagath Engineering's (supra) and as it appears to us, the later Bench
has concurred with the view expressed in the earlier case.
The aforesaid authorities make it eminently clear that once an
employee is an "insured person" under Section 2(14) of the 1948 Act,
neither he nor his dependents would be entitled to get any compensation or
damages from the employer under the 1923 Act. We are obliged to hold so as
the plain language used in the Act clearly conveys so. Therefore, we do
not find any flaw in the view expressed by the High Court. At this
juncture, we may state that while this Court granted leave on 22nd
February, 2014, had directed the respondent to deposit Rs.4 lacs in the
Registry of this court within four weeks and permitted the appellants to
withdraw the said sum on furnishing a personal bond. We have been apprised
that the amount has been deposited by the employer and also has been
withdrawn by the legal heirs of the deceased employee. Though the
respondent is getting the benefits under the 1948 Act, yet we do not intend
that the amount that has already been withdrawn by the legal heirs of the
deceased-employee, should be recovered by the employer by way of deducting
the periodical sum that is paid to the family members of the deceased
employee. We have passed this order as we are compelled to feel that the
cause of justice should be best sub-served as the appellants have been
fighting the litigation since a decade.
Consequently, the appeal, being devoid of merit, stands
dismissed. However, there shall be no order as to costs.
....................J.
[Dipak Misra]
....................J.
[Prafulla C. Pant]
New Delhi
March 19, 2015.
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[1] (2006) 5 SCC 513
[2] (1996) 4 SCC 255
[3] (1993) Supp. 4 SCC 100
[4] AIR 1987 Kerala 103
[5] (2003) 2 SCC 138
[6] (2009) 13 SCC 361
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