AWADESH KUMAR JHA @ AKHILESH KUMAR JHA & ANR. Vs. THE STATE OF BIHAR

Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)

Appeal (Crl.), 15 of 2016, Judgment Date: Jan 07, 2016

NON-REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 15 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP(CRL) No.975 of 2015)

AWADESH KUMAR JHA @ AKHILESH
KUMAR JHA & ANR. …APPELLANTS

Versus

THE STATE OF BIHAR … RESPONDENT

J U D G M E N T

V. GOPALA GOWDA, J.

Leave granted.

This criminal appeal is directed against the impugned judgment and order
dated 14.10.2014 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Crl.
Misc. No.13700 of 2014 whereby it has refused to interfere with the
impugned orders therein. Both the appellants filed application under
Section 239 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short the “Cr.P.C.”)
before the learned Judicial Magistrate of first class, Kishanganj in
relation to FIR No. 183 of 2008. The same was dismissed on the ground of
being devoid of merit vide order dated 04.12.2013. The Court of Sessions,
Purnea, in revision petition, has upheld the decision of the learned
Judicial Magistrate of first class which has further upheld by the High
Court. The correctness of the said order is challenged in this appeal
urging various grounds.

Brief facts of the case are stated hereunder to appreciate the rival legal
contentions urged on behalf of the parties:-

On 04.05.2008 FIR no. 111 of 2008 (for short the “first FIR”) was
registered at Kishanganj police station against both the appellants along
with other persons for the offences punishable under Sections 3,4,5,6 and 7
of Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (in short “the Act”) on a written
complaint made by Sub Divisional Police Officer Ravish Kumar, Kishanganj,
Bihar. The allegation made therein was that on the telephonic information
received from SDPO Phulwari sharif, Patna regarding the confinement of a
minor girl Rubana Khatun, aged about 16 years, in red light area of
Khagaria for the purpose of carrying out the flesh trade, the raiding party
of police authorities conducted a raid in the house of Sisa Khalifa. In the
course of such raid, the raiding party found six couples in objectionable
position in six different rooms. Along with others the appellant no. 1
(Akhilesh Kumar Jha) and appellant no.2 (Ajit Prasad) were also arrested in
the course of the raid and they were booked for offences punishable under
Sections 3,4,5,6 and 7 of the Act.

The first FIR was investigated by the investigating officer and the report
under Section 173 of Cr.P.C. was filed before the Chief Judicial Magistrate
(for short “CJM”) for taking cognizance of the offences alleged against
them. The learned CJM, Kishanganj took cognizance of the alleged offences
vide his order dated 06.08.2008.

In the meantime, both the appellants moved applications for grant of bail.
It is alleged that in those bail applications both the appellants furnished
wrong information regarding their names, father’s name and address.

On the written complaint of Shri Arvind Kumar Singh, the Inspector of
Police, Kishanganj police station another FIR No. 183 of 2008 (hereinafter
referred to as the “second FIR”) dated 03.07.2008 was registered against
both the appellants for the offences punishable under Sections 419 and 420
of Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short “IPC”). The allegations made therein
were that both the appellants furnished wrong information to the
investigating officer regarding their names, father’s name and address
during the course of investigation made on the first FIR and also in the
bail applications filed by them before the learned CJM in the case arising
out of first FIR.

The second FIR was investigated by the investigating officer and a report
under Section 173 of Cr.P.C. was filed before CJM, Kishanganj for taking
cognizance of the offences alleged against the appellants. The learned CJM
took cognizance of the alleged offences vide order dated 11.09.2008.

The appellants filed revision petitions before the Additional Sessions
Judge, Purnea against the first order of cognizance dated 06.08.2008,
passed by CJM, Kishanganj. The learned Additional Sessions Judge, Purnea
vide order dated 18.12.2010 has set aside the said order of cognizance
passed by CJM, Kishanganj holding that no offence under Sections 3,4,5,6
and 7 of the Act as alleged in the first FIR is made out against the
appellants.

Thereafter, the appellants filed an application under Section 239 of
Cr.P.C. before Judicial Magistrate of first class, Kishanganj seeking their
discharge from the offences alleged in the second FIR. The learned Judicial
Magistrate of first class, Kishanganj after a perusal of material on record
found no merit in the application under Section 239 of Cr.P.C. filed by
them and accordingly dismissed the same vide his order dated 04.12.2013.

Being aggrieved of the order dated 04.12.2013 passed by the learned
Judicial Magistrate of first class, the appellants approached the Court of
Sessions, Purnea by filing the Criminal Revision Petition No. 12 of 2014.
The learned Sessions Judge, Purnea concurred with the findings recorded in
the impugned order passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate of first
class, Kishanganj and dismissed the said revision petition vide order dated
03.02.2014.

The appellants being aggrieved of the order dated 03.02.2014 passed by
learned Sessions Judge, Purnea filed Crl. Misc. No. 13700 of 2014 before
the High Court of Judicature at Patna for quashing of the said order.

The learned Single Judge of the High Court of Patna vide order dated
14.10.2014 dismissed the said petition holding that at present case is
surviving against the appellants which has arisen out of the second FIR
and the criminal proceedings arising out of first FIR has already been set
aside. The learned Single Judge did not find any merit in the said
petition filed before her and she accordingly dismissed the same with a
direction to the Trial Court to conclude the trial expeditiously. Hence,
this appeal with request to set aside the same and allow the application
made under Section 239 of Cr.P.C. by the appellants seeking their discharge
of the offences alleged in the second FIR.

Mr. Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, the learned counsel on behalf of the appellants
contended that the High Court has failed to appreciate the fact that
offences under the second FIR were allegedly committed during the course of
investigation made on the first FIR, thus, it forms the part of same
transaction with the offences in respect of which the first FIR was
registered. Therefore, instead of institution of the second FIR, a further
investigation as provided under sub-Section (8) to Section 173 of Cr.P.C.
should have been done in respect of the offences alleged under second FIR
with the leave of the court. But, no such further investigation was
conducted by the investigating officer in respect of the said offences.
Thus, it is urged that the registration of second FIR is wholly untenable
in law and therefore liable to be quashed.

It was further contended by him that the reasons given by the High Court in
the impugned order in dismissing the Crl. Misc. Petition holding that the
proceedings arising out of first FIR has already been set aside and at
present one more case is surviving against the appellants arising out of
second FIR is not tenable in law, for the reason that the offences under
the second FIR are of the same transaction with the first FIR as they were
allegedly committed in the course of investigation made on the first FIR.
Thus, there was no need for the institution of second FIR against them. He
further submitted that the registration of second FIR is illegal and void
ab-initio in law as the same is in violation of Article 20(2) of the
Constitution of India and also contrary to Section 300 of Cr.P.C. and
Section 26 of the General Clauses Act, 1897.

He further vehemently contended that the High Court has erred in not
appreciating the law regarding the impermissibility of registration of the
second FIR against the appellants in respect of an offence or different
offences committed in the course of same transaction. He placed strong
reliance upon paras 37, 38 and 58.3 of the judgment of this Court in the
case of Amitbhai Anilchandra Shah v. Central Bureau of Investigation &
Anr.[1], which relevant paragraphs are extracted in the reasoning portion
of this judgment.

He further submitted that the High Court has failed to appreciate the
important aspect of the case that the second FIR registered against the
appellants for the offences alleged to have committed forms the same
transaction and therefore, registering another case against the appellants
is not permissible in law as laid down by this Court in the case referred
to supra and the same is against the principle of double jeopardy as
enshrined in Article 20(2) of the Constitution of India. Thus, the impugned
order passed by the High Court is vitiated in law and the same is liable to
be set aside by this Court in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.

It was further contended by him that the High Court has not appreciated the
fact that even on merits both the appellants never furnished wrong
information to the investigation officer about their identity. In this
regard, he had submitted that during the course of investigation on the
first FIR the investigation officer, after verification found the name of
appellant no.1 to be Awadesh Kumar Jha and not Akhilesh Kumar Jha.
Similarly, with regard to appellant no.2, his father’s name was also found
to be Late Ramanand, Prasad. The learned counsel urged that appellant no.1
Awadesh Kumar Jha is also known as Akhilesh Kumar Jha. The same fact has
also been certified by Mukhiya, Gram Panchayat Sonma, Purnea district.
Further, the father’s name of appellant no.2, Ajit Prasad is Late Ramendra
Prasad, who was also known as Late Ramananda Prasad. Therefore, both the
appellants cannot be said to have furnished any wrong information to the
investigation officer regarding their identity as alleged in the second
FIR.

It was further contended by him that the High Court has failed to
appreciate another important fact that both the appellants were not
instrumental in creating any dubious document for the purpose of cheating
the police as alleged in the second FIR. The first FIR was recorded by the
police officer and thus, both the appellants should not be held responsible
for wrong information written by the Police in the first FIR.

The learned counsel for the appellants prayed for allowing this appeal and
requested this Court to set aside the impugned order passed by the High
Court and requested for discharge of both the appellants for the alleged
offences under the second FIR.

Per contra, Mr. Rudreshwar Singh, the learned counsel on behalf of the
respondent-State sought to justify the impugned order passed by the High
Court and the order passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate of first
class dismissing the application under Section 239 of Cr.P.C. filed by the
appellants for the alleged offences under second FIR on the ground that the
same are well founded and are not vitiated in law. Therefore, no
interference with the same by this Court is required in exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction.

We have carefully examined the rival contentions urged on behalf of both
the parties and the decision of this Court in the case of Amitbhai
Anilchandra Shah case (supra) upon which the strong reliance is placed by
the learned counsel for the appellants. The relevant paras of the abovesaid
case cited by him read thus :-

“37. This Court has consistently laid down the law on the issue
interpreting the Code, that a second FIR in respect of an offence or
different offences committed in the course of the same transaction is not
only impermissible but it violates Article 21 of the Constitution. In T.T.
Antony, this Court has categorically held that registration of second FIR
(which is not a cross-case) is violative of Article 21 of the Constitution.
The following conclusion in paras 19, 20 and 27 of that judgment are
relevant which read as under: (SCC pp. 196-97 & 200)
“19. The scheme of CrPC is that an officer in charge of a police station
has to commence investigation as provided in Section 156 or 157 CrPC on the
basis of entry of the first information report, on coming to know of the
commission of a cognizable offence. On completion of investigation and on
the basis of the evidence collected, he has to form an opinion under
Section 169 or 170 CrPC, as the case may be, and forward his report to the
Magistrate concerned under Section 173(2) CrPC. However, even after filing
such a report, if he comes into possession of further information or
material, he need not register a fresh FIR; he is empowered to make further
investigation, normally with the leave of the court, and where during
further investigation he collects further evidence, oral or documentary, he
is obliged to forward the same with one or more further reports; this is
the import of sub-section (8) of Section 173 CrPC.

20. From the above discussion it follows that under the scheme of the
provisions of Sections 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 169, 170 and 173 CrPC only
the earliest or the first information in regard to the commission of a
cognizable offence satisfies the requirements of Section 154 CrPC. Thus
there can be no second FIR and consequently there can be no fresh
investigation on receipt of every subsequent information in respect of the
same cognizable offence or the same occurrence or incident giving rise to
one or more cognizable offences. On receipt of information about a
cognizable offence or an incident giving rise to a cognizable offence or
offences and on entering the FIR in the station house diary, the officer in
charge of a police station has to investigate not merely the cognizable
offence reported in the FIR but also other connected offences found to have
been committed in the course of the same transaction or the same occurrence
and file one or more reports as provided in Section 173 CrPC.

xx xx xx

27. A just balance between the fundamental rights of the citizens under
Articles 19 and 21 of the Constitution and the expansive power of the
police to investigate a cognizable offence has to be struck by the court.
There cannot be any controversy that sub-section (8) of Section 173 CrPC
empowers the police to make further investigation, obtain further evidence
(both oral and documentary) and forward a further report or reports to the
Magistrate. In Narang case it was, however, observed that it would be
appropriate to conduct further investigation with the permission of the
court. However, the sweeping power of investigation does not warrant
subjecting a citizen each time to fresh investigation by the police in
respect of the same incident, giving rise to one or more cognizable
offences, consequent upon filing of successive FIRs whether before or after
filing the final report under Section 173(2) CrPC. It would clearly be
beyond the purview of Sections 154 and 156 CrPC, nay, a case of abuse of
the statutory power of investigation in a given case. In our view a case of
fresh investigation based on the second or successive FIRs, not being a
counter-case, filed in connection with the same or connected cognizable
offence alleged to have been committed in the course of the same
transaction and in respect of which pursuant to the first FIR either
investigation is under way or final report under Section 173(2) has been
forwarded to the Magistrate, may be a fit case for exercise of power under
Section 482 CrPC or under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution.”

The abovereferred declaration of law by this Court has never been diluted
in any subsequent judicial pronouncements even while carving out
exceptions.

38. Mr Raval, learned ASG, by referring T.T. Antony submitted that the said
principles are not applicable and relevant to the facts and circumstances
of this case as the said judgment laid down the ratio that there cannot be
two FIRs relating to the same offence or occurrence. The learned ASG
further pointed out that in the present case, there are two distinct
incidents/occurrences, inasmuch as one being the conspiracy relating to the
murder of Sohrabuddin with the help of Tulsiram Prajapati and the other
being the conspiracy to murder Tulsiram Prajapati — a potential witness to
the earlier conspiracy to murder Sohrabuddin. We are unable to accept the
claim of the learned ASG. As a matter of fact, the aforesaid proposition of
law making registration of fresh FIR impermissible and violative of Article
21 of the Constitution is reiterated and reaffirmed in the following
subsequent decisions of this Court: (1) Upkar Singh v. Ved Prakash, (2)
Babubhai v. State of Gujarat, (3) Chirra Shivraj v. State of A.P., and (4)
C. Muniappan v. State of T.N. In C. Muniappan this Court explained the
“consequence test” i.e. if an offence forming part of the second FIR arises
as a consequence of the offence alleged in the first FIR then offences
covered by both the FIRs are the same and, accordingly, the second FIR will
be impermissible in law. In other words, the offences covered in both the
FIRs shall have to be treated as a part of the first FIR.

xx xx xx

58.3. Even after filing of such a report, if he comes into possession of
further information or material, there is no need to register a fresh FIR,
he is empowered to make further investigation normally with the leave of
the court and where during further investigation, he collects further
evidence, oral or documentary, he is obliged to forward the same with one
or more further reports which is evident from sub-section (8) of Section
173 of the Code. Under the scheme of the provisions of Sections 154, 155,
156, 157, 162, 169, 170 and 173 of the Code, only the earliest or the first
information in regard to the commission of a cognizable offence satisfies
the requirements of Section 154 of the Code. Thus, there can be no second
FIR and, consequently, there can be no fresh investigation on receipt of
every subsequent information in respect of the same cognizable offence or
the same occurrence or incident giving rise to one or more cognizable
offences.”

The second FIR was registered against the appellants on a written complaint
of Arvind Kumar Singh, Inspector of Police at Kishanganj police station. It
was found by the investigating officer during the course of investigation
in the first FIR that real name of the appellant no.1 was Awadesh Kumar Jha
s/o Late Kaladhar Jha r/o Gram Akbarpur, District Purnea and was found to
be working as Development Officer at New India Assurance Company Ltd.
Branch Purnia, contrary to the same the personal information was furnished
by him at the time of investigation of the case on the first FIR.
Similarly, with regard to the appellant no.2 his father’s name was found to
be Late Ramendra Prasad and not Late Ramanand. His actual address was found
to be Ranipatti P.S. Kumarkhand, District Madhepura and he was found to be
working as surveyor and investigator of all branches of General Assurance
Company. It is also alleged in the second FIR that both the appellants had
not disclosed their correct names, father’s name, their address and
occupation in the bail applications filed by them in respect of the case
arising out of first FIR before the Additional Sessions Judge.

From a bare perusal of second FIR, it is abundantly clear that both the
appellants have furnished wrong information to the police as to their
names, father’s name and address during the course of investigation made on
the first FIR. This Court is of the view that the offences alleged to have
committed by them are mentioned in second FIR, which offences are distinct
offences committed by both the appellants and the same have no connection
with the offences for which the first FIR was registered against them.
Therefore, for the reason stated supra, the contention urged by the learned
counsel on behalf of both the appellants that instead of institution of
second FIR for the said offences, a further investigation as provided under
sub-Section (8) to Section 173 of Cr.P.C. should have been done by the
investigation officer on the ground of they being the part of same
transaction with offences registered under first FIR is wholly untenable in
law and liable to be rejected.

Further, the decision of this Court in the case of Amitbhai Anilchandra
Shah (supra) upon which strong reliance is placed by the learned counsel on
behalf of both the appellants does not render any assistance to them in the
case at hand. This Court in the said case after examining the relevant
provisions of Cr.P.C. has categorically held thus:-
“58.2. The various provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure clearly
show that an officer-in-charge of a police station has to commence
investigation as provided in Section 156 or 157 of the Code on the basis of
entry of the first information report, on coming to know of the commission
of cognizable offence. On completion of investigation and on the basis of
the evidence collected, the investigating officer has to form an opinion
under Section 169 or 170 of the Code and forward his report to the
Magistrate concerned under Section 173(2) of the Code.

xx xx xx

58.5. The first information report is a report which gives first
information with regard to any offence. There cannot be second FIR in
respect of the same offence/event because whenever any further information
is received by the investigating agency, it is always in furtherance of the
first FIR.”

(emphasis supplied by this Court)

It is well settled principle of law that there can be no second FIR in the
event of any further information being received by the investigating agency
in respect of offence or the same occurrence or incident giving rise to one
or more offences for which chargesheet has already been filed by the
investigating agency. The recourse available with the investigating agency
in the said situation is to conduct further investigation normally with the
leave of the court as provided under sub-Section (8) to Section 173 of
Cr.P.C. The reliance is placed on the decision of this court rendered in
T.T.Antony v. State of Kerala[2], relevant paras of which read thus:
“19. The scheme of CrPC is that an officer in charge of a police station
has to commence investigation as provided in Section 156 or 157 CrPC on the
basis of entry of the first information report, on coming to know of the
commission of a cognizable offence. On completion of investigation and on
the basis of the evidence collected, he has to form an opinion under
Section 169 or 170 CrPC, as the case may be, and forward his report to the
Magistrate concerned under Section 173(2) CrPC. However, even after filing
such a report, if he comes into possession of further information or
material, he need not register a fresh FIR; he is empowered to make further
investigation, normally with the leave of the court, and where during
further investigation he collects further evidence, oral or documentary, he
is obliged to forward the same with one or more further reports; this is
the import of sub-section (8) of Section 173 CrPC.
xx xx xx
21. ...The 1973 CrPC specifically provides for further investigation after
forwarding of report under sub-section (2) of Section 173 CrPC and
forwarding of further report or reports to the Magistrate concerned under
Section 173(8) CrPC. It follows that if the gravamen of the charges in the
two FIRs — the first and the second — is in truth and substance the same,
registering the second FIR and making fresh investigation and forwarding
report under Section 173 CrPC will be irregular and the court cannot take
cognizance of the same.”
(emphasis supplied)

However, this principle of law is not applicable to the fact situation in
the instant case as the substance of the allegations in the said two FIRs
is different. The first FIR deals with offences punishable under Sections
3,4,5,6 and 7 of the Act, whereas, the second FIR deals with the offences
punishable under Sections 419 and 420 of IPC which are alleged to have
committed during the course of investigation of the case in the first FIR.
This Court is of the view that the alleged offences under the second FIR in
substance are distinct from the offences under the first FIR and they
cannot, in any case, said to be in the form of the part of same transaction
with the alleged offences under the first FIR. Therefore, no question of
further investigation could be made by the investigating agency on the
alleged offences arisen as the term “further investigation” occurred under
sub-Section (8) to Section 173 of Cr.P.C. connotes the investigation of the
case in continuation of the earlier investigation with respect to which the
chargesheet has already been filed. The reliance is placed on the judgment
of this Court in the case of Rama Chaudhary v. State of Bihar[3], the
relevant para 17 reads thus:
“17. From a plain reading of sub-section (2) and sub-section (8) of Section
173, it is evident that even after submission of the police report under
sub-section (2) on completion of the investigation, the police has a right
to “further” investigation under sub-section (8) of Section 173 but not
“fresh investigation” or “reinvestigation”. The meaning of “further” is
additional, more, or supplemental. “Further” investigation, therefore, is
the continuation of the earlier investigation and not a fresh investigation
or reinvestigation to be started ab initio wiping out the earlier
investigation altogether.”
(emphasis supplied)
Therefore, for the above said reasons the submissions made on behalf of
both the appellants are not tenable in law and the same cannot be accepted
by this Court. Further, the case of Amitbhai Anilchandra Shah (supra) upon
which strong reliance is placed by the learned counsel for both the
appellants is also totally inapplicable to the fact situation and it does
not support the case of both the appellants.

For the reasons stated supra, this Court does not find any reason either to
interfere with the impugned order passed by the High Court or with the
order of dismissal dated 04.12.2013 passed by the Judicial Magistrate first
class, Kishanganj, on the application made under Section 239 of Cr.P.C.
filed by the appellants. Accordingly, this appeal being devoid of merit is
dismissed. The order dated 09.02.2015 granting stay shall be vacated.

……………………………………………………CJI.
[T.S. THAKUR]

…………………………………………………………J.
[V. GOPALA GOWDA]

New Delhi,
January 7, 2016
ITEM NO.1A-For Judgment COURT NO.10 SECTION IIA

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Criminal Appeal No(s). 15/2016 arising from SLP(Crl.) No.975/2015

AWADESH KUMAR JHA @ AKHILESH KUMAR JHA & ANR. Appellant(s)

VERSUS

THE STATE OF BIHAR Respondent(s)

Date : 07/01/2016 This appeal was called on for pronouncement of JUDGMENT
today.

For Appellant(s)
Mr. Akhilesh Kumar Pandey,Adv.

For Respondent(s)
Mr. Samir Ali Khan,Adv.

Hon'ble Mr. Justice V.Gopala Gowda pronounced the judgment of the
Bench comprising Hon'ble the Chief Justice and His Lordship.
Leave granted.
The appeal is dismissed in terms of the signed Non-Reportable
Judgment.

(VINOD KUMAR) (MALA KUMARI SHARMA)
COURT MASTER COURT MASTER
(Signed Non-Reportable judgment is placed on the file)

-----------------------
[1] (2013) 6 SCC 348
[2] (2001) 6 SCC 181
[3] (2009) 6 SCC 346

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