AJAY ARJUN SINGH Vs. SHARADENDU TIWARI AND ORS
Supreme Court of India (Division Bench (DB)- Two Judge)
Appeal (Civil), 2697 of 2016, Judgment Date: Mar 15, 2016
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No.2697 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.33933 of 2014)
Ajay Arjun Singh … Appellant
Versus
Sharadendu Tiwari & Others … Respondents
WITH
CIVIL APPEAL No.2699 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.11096 of 2015)
CIVIL APPEAL No.2700 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.15361 of 2015)
CIVIL APPEAL No.2701 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.31051 of 2015)
J U D G M E N T
Chelameswar, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. General elections to the legislative assembly of Madhya Pradesh took
place in the year 2013. On 8.12.2013, one Shri Ajay Arjun Singh
(hereinafter referred to as the RETURNED CANDIDATE) was declared elected as
a member of legislative assembly from 76 Churhat Assembly Constituency in
the said election. On 20th January, 2014, challenging the declaration of
said Ajay Arjun Singh, one of the contesting candidates Sharadendu Tiwari
(hereinafter referred to as ‘the ELECTION PETITIONER’) filed an Election
Petition No.1 of 2014 before the High Court of Madhya Pradesh.
3. The election of the RETURNED CANDIDATE was challenged on the grounds
that the RETURNED CANDIDATE is guilty of commission of two corrupt
practices falling under sub-sections (1) and (6) of Section 123 of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the RP
Act’), i.e. (1) making appeal to the voters in the name of religion and
bribery; and (2) incurring expenditure in contravention of Section 77 of
the RP Act respectively.
4. Notice to the respondents in the Election Petition was ordered on
10th February, 2014. The RETURNED CANDIDATE was served[1] with the said
notice on 18.6.2014. Admittedly, the election petition and all the
annexures thereto were served on the RETURNED CANDIDATE on his appearance
in the Court on 18.6.2014.
5. On 1st July, 2014, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed I.A. No.43 of 2014
invoking Order VII Rule 11 of CPC (hereinafter referred to as “OR VII R 11
petition”) praying that the Election Petition be dismissed on the ground
that it does not disclose a cause of action. The said petition was
dismissed by order of the High Court dated 25.8.2014. Aggrieved by the
dismissal of OR VII R 11 petition, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed an
application for review (I.A. No.13575/2015 – hereinafter referred to as the
“Review Petition”), which was also dismissed by the High Court by an order
dated 18.3.2015.
6. Therefore, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed SLPs No.33933/2014 and
11096/2015 aggrieved by orders dated 25.8.2014 and 18.3.2015 respectively.
7. Aggrieved by certain findings recorded by the High Court (the details
of which will be considered later) in the order dated 18.3.2015 in the
Review Petition, the ELECTION PETITIONER preferred SLP No.15361/2015.
8. To adjudicate the correctness of the various impugned orders, an
examination of the issues which fell for the consideration of the High
Court is required to be identified.
9. The prayer in the OR VII R 11 petition filed by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE is as follows:
“It is, therefore, prayed that the present election petition be dismissed.”
(i) Para 8 of the OR VII R 11 petition reads as follows:
“That, besides the above, affidavit sworn and filed along with the petition
by the petitioner is not in conformity with Form 25 of the Conduct of
Election Rules, 1961. The name of the corrupt practice has not been
specified which is required to be specifically stated in the affidavit
prescribed under Form No.25. The affidavit which the petitioner has filed
is thus defective and, therefore, the petition deserves to be dismissed.”
(ii) Para 13 of the said petition states:
“That, for the aforesaid reasons, the present election petition is liable
to be dismissed as the as do not disclose any cause of cause of action.”
Giving some allowance to the clerical errors, we presume that the RETURNED
CANDIDATE prayed that the Election Petition be dismissed on the ground that
it does not disclose any cause of action.
In other words, the RETURNED CANDIDATE prayed that the Election petition be
dismissed for two reasons:
that the affidavit filed along with the Election petition is not in
conformity with Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961; and
that the Election petition does not disclose any cause of action.
They are two distinct grounds.
10. In response to the said application (OR VII R 11 petition), the
ELECTION PETITIONER filed a reply dated 11.07.2014. It is stated in para 6
therein as follows:
“6. That, the third objection which respondent no.1/returned candidate
has raised with respect to the non filing of the affidavit inconformity of
the Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. The petitioner has
filed the said affidavit along with the election petition which is attached
at page no.394 and 395 of the election petition and also found mention at
serial no.57-A in the index filed along with the election petition. Since
the petitioner has also filed affidavit in support of the election petition
and has also filed the affidavit in prescribed format, therefore, there is
no defect in this regard. Though, the petitioner respectfully submits that
the petition and the affidavit is in proper order but if in the opinion of
the court if there is any defect, the election petitioner is willing to
cure the same.”
11. It can be seen from the above that the ELECTION PETITIONER clearly
mentioned about the filing of an affidavit in form 25 which is to be found
at page nos.394 and 395 of the election petition and also mentioned at
serial no.57-A in the index to the election petition. Though not very
elegantly pleaded, the ELECTION PETITIONER did assert the fact that he had
filed two affidavits along with the election petition[2].
12. It can be seen from the above that the ELECTION PETITIONER has also
made a submission that “if in the opinion of the Court if there is any
defect, the ELECTION PETITIONER is willing to cure the same”. Such a
statement appears to have been made by way of abundant caution in a bid to
save the election petition from being dismissed on the ground of non-
compliance with the proviso to Section 83 (1) in the event of the High
Court reaching the conclusion that the affidavit filed by the ELECTION
PETITIONER along with the election petition is not in fact compliant with
the requirement of law.
13. The High Court, by its order dated 25.8.2014 while dismissing OR VII
R 11 petition recorded:
“In the instant case, the petitioner has not filed the affidavit in the
prescribed Form 25 in accordance with Rule 94-A of the Conduct of Election
Rules, 1961. Since aforesaid defect is curable, same can be cured by
filing affidavit in the prescribed Form 25.”
The High Court further directed:
“the petitioner is directed to file an affidavit in Form 25 within 15 days
from the date of receipt of certified copy of the order.”
Pursuant to this order, admittedly an affidavit was filed by the ELECTION
PETITIONER on 31.08.2014.
14. To understand the controversy in these appeals, an analysis of the
provisions of the RP Act is required. Section 83[3] of the RP Act
stipulates what is required to be contained in an election petition.
Section 83(1)(c) requires every election petition to be verified in the
manner laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Order VI Rule 15 of
the Code deals with the verification of the pleadings[4]. Sub-rule 4[5]
stipulates that the person verifying the pleadings shall also furnish an
affidavit in support of such pleadings.
15. An election petition challenging the validity of an election can be
filed on any one of the various grounds specified under Section 100 of the
RP Act. The commission of a corrupt practice either by the “returned
candidate or his election agent or by any other person with the consent of
either the returned candidate or his agent” is one of the several grounds
on which the High Court can declare the result of a returned candidate to
be void. The election of a returned candidate can also be set aside on the
ground of the commission of corrupt practice “in the interest of the
returned candidate by an agent other than his election agent” and by virtue
of such corrupt practice “the result of the election, insofar as it
concerns a returned candidate, has been materially affected”. In either
case, in view of the stipulation contained in proviso to Section 83(1) RP
Act, the election petition is required to be accompanied by an affidavit in
the prescribed form.
16. In exercise of the power under Section 169 of the RP Act, the
Representation of the People (Conduct of Elections and Election Petitions)
Rules, 1956 have been framed by the Government of India. Rule 94A
prescribes as follows:
“Rule 94A. Form of affidavit to be filed with election petition.— The
affidavit referred to in the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 83 shall
be sworn before a magistrate of the first class or a notary or a
commissioner of oaths and shall be in Form 25.”
Form 25 also indicates the layout of the affidavit. The requirement of
giving such affidavit where there are allegations of commission of corrupt
practice in an election petition came to be inserted in the Act by virtue
of an amendment in the year 1962.
17. The question whether an election petition challenging the election of
a returned candidate on the ground of corrupt practice is required to be
accompanied either by one affidavit or two affidavits in view of the
insertion of clause (4) of Rule 15 of Order VI, fell for consideration of
this Court in P.A. Mohammed Riyas v. M.K. Raghavan & Others, (2012) 5 SCC
511 and this Court held thus:
“45. … We are also unable to accept Mr Venugopal’s submission that even in
a case where the proviso to Section 83(1) was attracted, a single affidavit
would be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of both the provisions.”
18. Subsequently, the same question again fell for consideration before a
larger bench of this Court in G.M. Siddeshwar v. Prasanna Kumar, (2013) 4
SCC 776. The court disapproved the view taken in Mohammed Riyas case and
held:
“1. … The principal question of law raised for our consideration is
whether, to maintain an election petition, it is imperative for an election
petitioner to file an affidavit in terms of Order 6 Rule 15(4) of the Code
of Civil Procedure, 1908 in support of the averments made in the election
petition in addition to an affidavit (in a case where resort to corrupt
practices have been alleged against the returned candidate) as required by
the proviso to Section 83(1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
In our opinion, there is no such mandate in the Representation of the
People Act, 1951 and a reading of P.A. Mohammed Riyas v. M.K. Raghavan
which suggests to the contrary, does not lay down correct law to this
limited extent.
30. In any event, as in the present case, the same result has been
achieved by the election petitioner by filing a composite affidavit, both
in support of the averments made in the election petition and with regard
to the allegations of corrupt practices by the returned candidate. This
procedure is not contrary to law and cannot be faulted. Such a composite
affidavit would not only be in substantial compliance with the requirements
of the Act but would actually be in full compliance thereof. The filing of
two affidavits is not warranted by the Act nor is it necessary, especially
when a composite affidavit can achieve the desired result.”
19. The issue before this Court in this batch of appeals is whether the
election petition was accompanied by an affidavit which is compliant with
the requirement of statute under the proviso to Section 83(1)(c). For
answering the issue, it is incidentally necessary to determine whether the
ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits along with the election petition
to satisfy the requirement of the law.
20. Unfortunately, the High Court did not examine, when it passed the
orders dated 25.08.2014 or 18.03.2015, the question whether there were two
affidavits filed by the ELECTION PETITIONER along with the election
petition and whether the affidavit said to have been annexed to the
election petition at page nos.394-395 is compliant with the requirement of
stipulations under proviso to Section 83(1). At para 5 of the order dated
25.08.2014, the High Court recorded as follows:
“5. So far as the contention with respect to verification or affidavit is
concerned, it has been laid down by the Apex Court G.M. Siddeshwar v.
Prasanna Kumar, AIR 2013 SC 1549 that absolute compliance of format
affidavit is not necessary. Substantial compliance with format prescribed
is sufficient. In case there is any defect in affidavit or in its
verification, the same is curable and the same cannot be a sufficient
ground to dismiss the petition in limine. In the instant case, the
petitioner has not filed the affidavit in the prescribed Form 25 in
accordance with Rule 94-A of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. Since
the aforesaid defect is curable, same can be cured by filing affidavit in
the prescribed Form 25.”
We are sorry to note that the para commences with a clumsy statement “so
far as the contention with respect to verification or affidavit” and makes
an irrelevant reference to the G.M. Siddeshwar case (supra) and ultimately
records a conclusion without any discussion of the pleadings or evidence
that the ELECTION PETITIONER has not filed an affidavit in Form-25. It was
however ordered at para 6 of the order dated 25.08.2014:
“I do not find any ground for rejection of the petition in limine under
Order 7 Rule 11 of the CPC. Accordingly, I.A. No.43/2014, filed by the
respondent No.1 is hereby dismissed. The petitioner is directed to file
affidavit in Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 within 15 days
from the date of receipt of certified copy of the order. Respondent No.1
is also directed to file written statement within two weeks from the date
of receipt of certified copy of this order.”
It is a wholly unsatisfactory way of dealing with any issue in a judicial
proceeding and more so with election petitions. Election petitions deal
with the basic rights of the citizenry of this country. Election is a
“politically sacred” event and an election dispute is too serious a matter
to be dealt with casually. Therefore, the Parliament thought it fit to
entrust the adjudication of election disputes to the High Courts. It is
unfortunate that the learned Judge chose to deal with the matter so
casually. The result is that a finding that there was no affidavit in the
Form No.25 came to be recorded without recording any finding regarding the
existence or otherwise of the affidavit which is said to have been annexed
in the election petition at page nos.394 and 395 nor its content. Since the
Interlocutory Application was dismissed, the ELECTION PETITIONER had
neither a reason nor the necessity to challenge the correctness of the
findings recorded in the order as the decision is in his favour.
21. Aggrieved by the said order, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed the Review
Petition seeking review of the said order. The application hinged on the
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014 that “the petitioner has not
filed the affidavit in the prescribed Form No.25”. It is, therefore,
pleaded in the Review Petition that the direction of the High Court
permitting the ELECTION PETITIONER to cure the defect in the affidavit
filed along with the election petition is unsustainable and hence the order
dated 25.08.2014 is to be reviewed. Interestingly, in the rejoinder dated
24.12.2014 filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE to the reply of the ELECTION
PETITIONER dated 8.11.2014 in the said Review Petition, the RETURNED
CANDIDATE stated as follows:
“Para 4. That, the averments made in the petition were verified by the
petitioner as per verification clause; submitted an affidavit in support of
the petition and filed another affidavit under Form-25 at pages 394 and 395
of the Election Petition and the third affidavit dated 31.8.2014 pursuant
to order of the Hon’ble Court dated 25.8.2014.”
22. It is clear from the abovementioned pleading of the RETURNED
CANDIDATE that he is clearly aware of the fact that there were two
affidavits filed along with the election petition as averred by the
ELECTION PETITIONER in his petition. The said review application was
dismissed by order dated 18.03.2015. Aggrieved by the same, the RETURNED
CANDIDATE filed SLP No.11096 of 2015.
23. It is rather difficult to understand the order dated 18.03.2015.
There was an unnecessary examination of various authorities of the Supreme
Court without first settling the basic facts and identifying the issues.
The High Court extracted the content of an affidavit which according to the
ELECTION PETITIONER is an affidavit filed in compliance with the
requirement of Section 83(1)(c) but not the affidavit in Form 25 and
records a conclusion at para 6 as follows:
“6. A bare reading of earlier affidavit filed by the petitioner makes it
clear that the petitioner had covered all the pleadings in his affidavit
and no pleading was left which was not mentioned in the affidavit but what
was lacking was that the earlier affidavit was not in the prescribed Form
No.25 of the Rule 94-A of the Rules of 1961. Certainly, there was a non-
compliance of proviso to Section 83(1) of the Act of 1951 but Section 83(1)
of the Act of 1951 is not covered under Section 86 of the Act of 1951.”
Interestingly, at para 9, once again the High Court recorded a conclusion:
“9. As mentioned hereinabove, in the instant case substantial compliance
of Section 81(3) of the Act of 1951 has already been done by the petitioner
by filing first affidavit along with the petition but only defect was that
the affidavit was not in prescribed format, therefore, at the most it was a
non-compliance of Section 83(1) of the Act of 1951 and same is curable.
...”
The cryptic conclusions recorded in the order dated 18.03.2015 only add to
the existing confusion.
24. However, aggrieved by the conclusion that the affidavit was “not in
the prescribed Form-25”, the ELECTION PETITIONER preferred SLP No.15361 of
2015 on the ground that such a conclusion came to be recorded on an
erroneous identification of the affidavit. Aggrieved by the dismissal of
the Review Petition, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed SLP No.11096 of 2015.
25. When the appeals were argued before this Court on 20.08.2015, the
ELECTION PETITIONER made a submission that two separate affidavits were
filed along with the election petition and the High Court’s observation
(supra) are based on an erroneous identification of the affidavit. The
RETURNED CANDIDATE took a stand that there was no 2nd affidavit as alleged
by the ELECTION PETITIONER in compliance with the proviso to Section 83(1)
of the RP Act filed along with the election petition.
26. In view of the abovementioned imprecise findings recorded by the High
Court without any reference to the pleadings or evidence on record and the
contradictory stands taken before this Court by the parties, this Court
thought it fit to adjourn the matter in order to enable the parties to seek
a clarification regarding the true state of facts whether there was one or
two affidavits filed along with the election petition[6].
27. Pursuant to the said order, the ELECTION PETITIONER filed I.A.
No.11665/2015 seeking clarifications from the Madhya Pradesh High Court.
The said I.A. was disposed of by an order dated 29.9.2015[7].
The High Court, recorded;
“37. On the basis of aforesaid discussion, the questions posed by the
Supreme Court in order dated 20-08-2015, are answered in the following
manner:
Question No. 1: Whether there was one affidavit or two affidavits filed
along with the election petition?
Answer: Two affidavits were filed along with election petition.
Question No. 2: The actual date when those affidavits were filed?
Answer: Both affidavits were filed on 20-01-2014, the date on which the
election petition was filed.
Question No. 3: Whether either of the two affidavits is filed in
compliance with the requirement of section 83(1)(c) of the Representation
of the People Act, 1951?
Answer: The affidavit at page nos. 394 & 395 of the election petition
is filed in compliance with the requirement of proviso appended to section
83(1)(c) of the Representation of People Act, 1951.
38. I.A. No. 11665/2015 stands disposed of accordingly.”
28. The said order is the subject matter of challenge in SLP No.31051 of
2015 filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE. Apart from the various grounds on
which the correctness of the findings recorded by the High Court are
challenged, the RETURNED CANDIDATE took a preliminary objection that the
order dated 29.9.2015 suffers from lack of jurisdiction and therefore, it
is required to be set aside on that ground alone[8].
29. According to the RETURNED CANDIDATE, I.A. No.11665 of 2015 ought to
have been heard by a Division Bench because of the stipulation contained in
Rule 13(2) of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh Rules, 2008. The said Rule
stipulates that any application seeking clarifications of an earlier order
of the Court passed by a learned Judge, who retired thereafter, ought to be
heard by a Division Bench[9] and Justice Solanki who passed the order in
the OR VII R 11 petition retired subsequently.
30. In response, it is submitted on behalf of the ELECTION PETITIONER
that:
i) such an objection was never raised by the RETURNED CANDIDATE before
the High Court when I.A. No.11665 of 2015 was being heard and therefore now
cannot be permitted to raise the same;
ii) that, the adjudication of an election petition is governed by Section
81A read with Section 86 of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951.
Non-compliance, if any, with the Rules of the High Court framed under
Article 225 does not render the order one without jurisdiction;
iii) that, I.A. No.11665 of 2015 is “more about clarification of record,
not clarification of order in strict sense”.
In other words, the clarification sought is not regarding either the
interpretation of the earlier orders or the legal implications of the
earlier orders but an enquiry into certain facts and the record of the High
Court pertaining to the election petition. Therefore, Rule 13 would have
no application.
(iv) That the requirement of a matter being heard by a Division Bench
under Rule 13(1)(b) is limited only to the cases of review, clarification
or modification of only judgments, decrees and final orders but not to the
interlocutory orders such as the order of which “clarification” was sought.
31. We reject the preliminary objection raised by the RETURNED CANDIDATE:
The Reason:
The adjudication of election petitions including the examination of all
incidental questions in interlocutory proceedings arising during the course
of the adjudication of the election petition is entrusted by Section 80A of
the Representation of People Act, 1951 to the High Court within whose
jurisdiction the election dispute arises. Section 80A(2) stipulates that
the jurisdiction shall be exercised ordinarily by a Single Judge who is to
be designated by the Chief Justice[10].
(a) Though the said Section indicates that the Chief Justice has a
discretion to entrust trial of an election petition to a Bench consisting
of more than one judges, such a discretion is to be exercised by the Chief
Justice alone.
(b) The Rules of the High Court are framed by the High Court pursuant to
the power vested in it under Article 225[11]. The exercise of such power is
subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the “provisions of any
law of the appropriate legislature”. Rule 13 mandates the listing of
certain matters (nature of which is described therein) before a Division
Bench. Such stipulation is contrary to the stipulation of Section 80A(2)
that election petitions are to be tried by a single judge of the High Court
leaving a discretion in the Chief Justice to decide whether in a given
case, an election petition shall be heard by more than one Judge. Such a
statutory discretion vested in the Chief Justice of the High Court cannot
be curtailed by a rule made as the High Court in view of the clear
declaration by the Constitution (in the opening clause of Article 225) that
“any rule shall be subject to the law made by the appropriate legislature”.
We are, therefore, of the opinion that the objection raised by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE is not tenable.
In view of the above conclusion, we do not wish to examine the other
defences of the ELECTION PETITIONER in this regard.
32. We now proceed to examine the appeals on their merits. The fate of
these appeals would eventually depend upon the answer to the questions:
Whether the ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits on 20.01.2014 at the
time of presenting the election petition, the second of which being the
affidavit (at page nos.394-395) referred to at Serial No.57A of the Index
appended to the election petition purportedly in Form 25 to satisfy the
requirement of law flowing from the proviso to Section 83(1); and if such
an affidavit was in fact filed on 20.01.2014 as contended by the ELECTION
PETITIONER whether such an affidavit satisfies the prescription contained
in Form 25.
33. By order dated 29.09.2015 in IA No.11665 of 2015, the High Court
recorded a finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits along
with the election petition on 20.01.2014 (the date on which the election
petition was presented to the High Court). The High Court also recorded a
finding that the affidavit at page nos.394-395 of the election petition
which finds mention at Sr. No.57A in the index is “in compliance with the
requirement of proviso appended to section 83(1)(c) of the Representation
of People Act, 1951”.
34. If the abovementioned two findings are legally tenable, three appeals
(arising out of SLP Nos.33933 of 2014, 11096 of 2015 and 31051 of 2015)
filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE are to be dismissed and the appeal (arising
out of SLP No.15361 of 2015) filed by the ELECTION PETITIONER would have to
be allowed. Therefore, we proceed to examine the correctness of the
abovementioned findings recorded by the High Court.
35. The correctness of the said findings is contested by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE on the following grounds:
That at the earliest point of time, the High Court in its order dated
25.08.2014 recorded a finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER did not file the
affidavit in the prescribed Form 25. Therefore, the finding to the contra
in the order of the High Court dated 29.09.2015 is unsustainable.
II. In the order dated 25.08.2014, after recording a finding that the
ELECTION PETITIONER did not file an affidavit in Form 25, the High Court
recorded a further finding that such a defect is curable and, therefore,
directed the ELECTION PETITIONER to cure the defect by filing a fresh
affidavit in Form 25. The ELECTION PETITIONER without challenging the
correctness of the finding that he failed to file an affidavit in Form 25
along with the election petition chose to comply with the consequential
direction of filing afresh affidavit. Therefore, the ELECTION PETITIONER
is precluded from contending at a later stage that the finding recorded by
the High Court in its order dated 25.08.2014 is incorrect.
Rule 6(4) of the Rules relating to election petitions in the Madhya Pradesh
High Court requires:
“the Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall affix his full
signature to every page of the petition and the affidavit accompanying it.”
and the affidavit at page nos.394 and 395 of the election petition does not
contain the seal and signature of the Registrar of the High Court. Whereas
all the other pages of the election petition contain the seal and signature
of the Registrar. The absence of the seal and the signature of the
Registrar only on the affidavit at page nos.394-395 must necessarily lead
to an inference that such an affidavit must have been inserted in the
election petition sometime subsequent to the date of the presentation of
the election petition. Such an inference would be further strengthened by
the fact that in the index of the election petition, reference to the
affidavit at page nos.394-395 is made at Entry No.57-A in the index. The
said entry is an addition made in handwriting in an otherwise completely
typewritten index.
Hence there is non-compliance with the requirement of the mandate contained
in proviso to Section 83(1) warranting the dismissal of the election
petition in limine.
36. The ELECTION PETITIONER’s response to the above submissions of the
RETURNED CANDIDATE is:
(i) the High Court did not record any finding in its order dated
25.08.2014 regarding the existence or otherwise of the affidavit at page
nos.394-395 or the content of the said affidavit in spite of the specific
plea of the ELECTION PETITIONER. The High Court only recorded a vague
finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER “has not filed the affidavit in the
prescribed Form 25 in accordance with Rule 94A of the Conduct of Election
Rules, 1961”. It is not clear from the said order as to which one of the
two affidavits was in the mind of the High Court when it recorded such a
conclusion. The High Court should have recorded a categoric finding in
that regard in view of the specific pleading in the reply of the ELECTION
PETITIONER that the ELECTION PETITIONER had in fact filed a separate
affidavit to be found at page nos.394-395 to satisfy the requirement of law
under the proviso to Section 83(1)[12]. In the absence of any such
categoric finding it cannot be said that the findings recorded by the High
Court in its order dated 29.09.2015 are inconsistent with the earlier
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014.
(ii) that there was no occasion for the ELECTION PETITIONER to challenge
the said finding as the ultimate result of the order was in his favour. It
is also submitted that though the ELECTION PETITIONER did not challenge the
finding recorded by the High Court in its order dated 25.08.2014, the
ELECTION PETITIONER is entitled to dispute the correctness of the finding
as and when such a finding is sought to be pressed into service against
him.
(iii) Coming to the question of filing a fresh affidavit in obedience of
the consequential direction of the High Court, the ELECTION PETITIONER
submitted that such a course of action was pursued by him by way of
abundant caution.
(iv) It is submitted by the ELECTION PETITIONER with regard to the absence
of the signature of the Registrar on the affidavit at page nos.394-395 that
though it is the duty of the Registrar of the High Court to sign on each
page of the election petition and the affidavit filed alongwith the
election petition, if the Registrar failed in his duty the ELECTION
PETITIONER cannot be penalized by drawing an inference that the affidavit
was not presented along with the election petition. In this regard, the
ELECTION PETITIONER relied upon the well-settled principle of law that the
act (which includes an omission) of the court shall not prejudice the
rights of any party.
37. We reject submissions of the RETURNED CANDIDATE for the following
reasons:
(i) The 1st submission of the RETURNED CANDIDATE that the subsequent and
conflicting finding is not legally tenable, if at all is based on any legal
principle, it is based either on the doctrine of res judicata or some
principle analogous to it based on public policy that there must be
finality to the judicial orders. Even if the principle of res judicata is
invoked, (we only presume without examining the applicability of the same),
what is barred under Section 11 of CPC is the adjudication of an issue
which was directly and substantially in issue in a former suit between the
same parties and has been heard and finally decided.
(ii) The question whether two affidavits were filed along with the
Election petition though was not directly in issue as the RETURNED
CANDIDATE never filed a rejoinder (to the reply of the ELECTION PETITIONER
wherein it was stated that he had filed two affidavits alongwith the
election petition). In deciding the OR VII R 11 petition the High Court
never examined the question (it is an issue of fact) whether there were two
affidavits as pleaded by the ELECTION PETITIONER in his reply to the said
petition. We have already recorded that the order in OR VII R 11 petition
is too casual. It does not take note of either the facts in issue or
identify the point to be decided. Any finding of fact recorded in such
circumstances is required to be set aside if appealed against by the
aggrieved party if such an order is an appealable order. Since the learned
Judge dismissed the OR VII R 11 petition though the finding is adverse to
the ELECTION PETITIONER, he need not have filed an appeal[13].
(iii) Therefore, we do not see any legal principle on the basis of
which the RETURNED CANDIDATE can successfully contend that in view of the
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014 the High Court could not
have recorded a finding in IA No.11665 of 2015 that two affidavits were
filed along with the Election petition.
We now deal with the submission of the RETURNED CANDIDATE regarding the
absence of the seal and signature of the Registrar of the High Court on the
affidavit at page nos.394-395.
a) The High Court in its order dated 29.9.2015 in I.A. No.11665 of 2015
recorded a finding:
“24. … However, the Registrar, in compliance with sub-rule (4) of rule 8,
has affixed his seal and signatures at every page of the election petition
and the affidavit at page no.70 and 71. However, no such seal or signature
of the Registrar is to be found upon the affidavit at page nos.394 & 395.
…”
Further, at para 25 of the order, it is recorded:
“25. In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that all official acts are
presumed to be properly done. It is true that affidavit at page nos.394 &
395 does not bear the seal or signatures of the Registrar; however, it
appears that it was not sealed and signed by the Registrar because it was
annexed almost at the end of the petition. Since, as per rules, documents
annexed to an election petition are not required to be signed and sealed by
the Registrar, none of the documents filed along with the petition from
serial No.72 to Serial No.393 bears his seal and signatures. Probably,
nobody pointed out to the Registrar that there is another affidavit at page
no.394; therefore, it was not sealed and signed like other documents.”
b) At the outset, it may be mentioned that there is a typographical
error in the abovementioned order. The relevant rule of the High Court
dealing with the matter is Rule 6(4) but not 8(4). Rule 6 reads as
follows:
“Chapter VII
Rules Relating to Election Petitions
Rule 6 (1) Every Election Petition complete in all respects, shall be
presented during the Court hours to the Additional Registrar or Deputy
Registrar Judicial, at Jabalpur.
(2) The name of the person presenting an Election petition, with a
description of the capacity in which he is presenting it, the date and hour
of presentation and any other particulars considered necessary shall be
endorsed in the margin of first page of the petition by the Additional
Registrar or Deputy Registrar under his own signature.
(3) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall have the petition
examined in order to find out that all the requirements of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951, and these rules have been complied
with.
(4) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall affix his full
signature to every page of the petition and the affidavit accompanying it.
(5) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar, after examining the
petition, shall record his opinion on the opening order-sheet in the
following:—
“Presented on …….. by ……. Properly drawn up, apparently within time and
properly stamped.”
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No.2697 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.33933 of 2014)
Ajay Arjun Singh … Appellant
Versus
Sharadendu Tiwari & Others … Respondents
WITH
CIVIL APPEAL No.2699 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.11096 of 2015)
CIVIL APPEAL No.2700 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.15361 of 2015)
CIVIL APPEAL No.2701 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.31051 of 2015)
J U D G M E N T
Chelameswar, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. General elections to the legislative assembly of Madhya Pradesh took
place in the year 2013. On 8.12.2013, one Shri Ajay Arjun Singh
(hereinafter referred to as the RETURNED CANDIDATE) was declared elected as
a member of legislative assembly from 76 Churhat Assembly Constituency in
the said election. On 20th January, 2014, challenging the declaration of
said Ajay Arjun Singh, one of the contesting candidates Sharadendu Tiwari
(hereinafter referred to as ‘the ELECTION PETITIONER’) filed an Election
Petition No.1 of 2014 before the High Court of Madhya Pradesh.
3. The election of the RETURNED CANDIDATE was challenged on the grounds
that the RETURNED CANDIDATE is guilty of commission of two corrupt
practices falling under sub-sections (1) and (6) of Section 123 of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the RP
Act’), i.e. (1) making appeal to the voters in the name of religion and
bribery; and (2) incurring expenditure in contravention of Section 77 of
the RP Act respectively.
4. Notice to the respondents in the Election Petition was ordered on
10th February, 2014. The RETURNED CANDIDATE was served[1] with the said
notice on 18.6.2014. Admittedly, the election petition and all the
annexures thereto were served on the RETURNED CANDIDATE on his appearance
in the Court on 18.6.2014.
5. On 1st July, 2014, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed I.A. No.43 of 2014
invoking Order VII Rule 11 of CPC (hereinafter referred to as “OR VII R 11
petition”) praying that the Election Petition be dismissed on the ground
that it does not disclose a cause of action. The said petition was
dismissed by order of the High Court dated 25.8.2014. Aggrieved by the
dismissal of OR VII R 11 petition, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed an
application for review (I.A. No.13575/2015 – hereinafter referred to as the
“Review Petition”), which was also dismissed by the High Court by an order
dated 18.3.2015.
6. Therefore, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed SLPs No.33933/2014 and
11096/2015 aggrieved by orders dated 25.8.2014 and 18.3.2015 respectively.
7. Aggrieved by certain findings recorded by the High Court (the details
of which will be considered later) in the order dated 18.3.2015 in the
Review Petition, the ELECTION PETITIONER preferred SLP No.15361/2015.
8. To adjudicate the correctness of the various impugned orders, an
examination of the issues which fell for the consideration of the High
Court is required to be identified.
9. The prayer in the OR VII R 11 petition filed by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE is as follows:
“It is, therefore, prayed that the present election petition be dismissed.”
(i) Para 8 of the OR VII R 11 petition reads as follows:
“That, besides the above, affidavit sworn and filed along with the petition
by the petitioner is not in conformity with Form 25 of the Conduct of
Election Rules, 1961. The name of the corrupt practice has not been
specified which is required to be specifically stated in the affidavit
prescribed under Form No.25. The affidavit which the petitioner has filed
is thus defective and, therefore, the petition deserves to be dismissed.”
(ii) Para 13 of the said petition states:
“That, for the aforesaid reasons, the present election petition is liable
to be dismissed as the as do not disclose any cause of cause of action.”
Giving some allowance to the clerical errors, we presume that the RETURNED
CANDIDATE prayed that the Election Petition be dismissed on the ground that
it does not disclose any cause of action.
In other words, the RETURNED CANDIDATE prayed that the Election petition be
dismissed for two reasons:
that the affidavit filed along with the Election petition is not in
conformity with Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961; and
that the Election petition does not disclose any cause of action.
They are two distinct grounds.
10. In response to the said application (OR VII R 11 petition), the
ELECTION PETITIONER filed a reply dated 11.07.2014. It is stated in para 6
therein as follows:
“6. That, the third objection which respondent no.1/returned candidate
has raised with respect to the non filing of the affidavit inconformity of
the Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. The petitioner has
filed the said affidavit along with the election petition which is attached
at page no.394 and 395 of the election petition and also found mention at
serial no.57-A in the index filed along with the election petition. Since
the petitioner has also filed affidavit in support of the election petition
and has also filed the affidavit in prescribed format, therefore, there is
no defect in this regard. Though, the petitioner respectfully submits that
the petition and the affidavit is in proper order but if in the opinion of
the court if there is any defect, the election petitioner is willing to
cure the same.”
11. It can be seen from the above that the ELECTION PETITIONER clearly
mentioned about the filing of an affidavit in form 25 which is to be found
at page nos.394 and 395 of the election petition and also mentioned at
serial no.57-A in the index to the election petition. Though not very
elegantly pleaded, the ELECTION PETITIONER did assert the fact that he had
filed two affidavits along with the election petition[2].
12. It can be seen from the above that the ELECTION PETITIONER has also
made a submission that “if in the opinion of the Court if there is any
defect, the ELECTION PETITIONER is willing to cure the same”. Such a
statement appears to have been made by way of abundant caution in a bid to
save the election petition from being dismissed on the ground of non-
compliance with the proviso to Section 83 (1) in the event of the High
Court reaching the conclusion that the affidavit filed by the ELECTION
PETITIONER along with the election petition is not in fact compliant with
the requirement of law.
13. The High Court, by its order dated 25.8.2014 while dismissing OR VII
R 11 petition recorded:
“In the instant case, the petitioner has not filed the affidavit in the
prescribed Form 25 in accordance with Rule 94-A of the Conduct of Election
Rules, 1961. Since aforesaid defect is curable, same can be cured by
filing affidavit in the prescribed Form 25.”
The High Court further directed:
“the petitioner is directed to file an affidavit in Form 25 within 15 days
from the date of receipt of certified copy of the order.”
Pursuant to this order, admittedly an affidavit was filed by the ELECTION
PETITIONER on 31.08.2014.
14. To understand the controversy in these appeals, an analysis of the
provisions of the RP Act is required. Section 83[3] of the RP Act
stipulates what is required to be contained in an election petition.
Section 83(1)(c) requires every election petition to be verified in the
manner laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Order VI Rule 15 of
the Code deals with the verification of the pleadings[4]. Sub-rule 4[5]
stipulates that the person verifying the pleadings shall also furnish an
affidavit in support of such pleadings.
15. An election petition challenging the validity of an election can be
filed on any one of the various grounds specified under Section 100 of the
RP Act. The commission of a corrupt practice either by the “returned
candidate or his election agent or by any other person with the consent of
either the returned candidate or his agent” is one of the several grounds
on which the High Court can declare the result of a returned candidate to
be void. The election of a returned candidate can also be set aside on the
ground of the commission of corrupt practice “in the interest of the
returned candidate by an agent other than his election agent” and by virtue
of such corrupt practice “the result of the election, insofar as it
concerns a returned candidate, has been materially affected”. In either
case, in view of the stipulation contained in proviso to Section 83(1) RP
Act, the election petition is required to be accompanied by an affidavit in
the prescribed form.
16. In exercise of the power under Section 169 of the RP Act, the
Representation of the People (Conduct of Elections and Election Petitions)
Rules, 1956 have been framed by the Government of India. Rule 94A
prescribes as follows:
“Rule 94A. Form of affidavit to be filed with election petition.— The
affidavit referred to in the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 83 shall
be sworn before a magistrate of the first class or a notary or a
commissioner of oaths and shall be in Form 25.”
Form 25 also indicates the layout of the affidavit. The requirement of
giving such affidavit where there are allegations of commission of corrupt
practice in an election petition came to be inserted in the Act by virtue
of an amendment in the year 1962.
17. The question whether an election petition challenging the election of
a returned candidate on the ground of corrupt practice is required to be
accompanied either by one affidavit or two affidavits in view of the
insertion of clause (4) of Rule 15 of Order VI, fell for consideration of
this Court in P.A. Mohammed Riyas v. M.K. Raghavan & Others, (2012) 5 SCC
511 and this Court held thus:
“45. … We are also unable to accept Mr Venugopal’s submission that even in
a case where the proviso to Section 83(1) was attracted, a single affidavit
would be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of both the provisions.”
18. Subsequently, the same question again fell for consideration before a
larger bench of this Court in G.M. Siddeshwar v. Prasanna Kumar, (2013) 4
SCC 776. The court disapproved the view taken in Mohammed Riyas case and
held:
“1. … The principal question of law raised for our consideration is
whether, to maintain an election petition, it is imperative for an election
petitioner to file an affidavit in terms of Order 6 Rule 15(4) of the Code
of Civil Procedure, 1908 in support of the averments made in the election
petition in addition to an affidavit (in a case where resort to corrupt
practices have been alleged against the returned candidate) as required by
the proviso to Section 83(1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
In our opinion, there is no such mandate in the Representation of the
People Act, 1951 and a reading of P.A. Mohammed Riyas v. M.K. Raghavan
which suggests to the contrary, does not lay down correct law to this
limited extent.
30. In any event, as in the present case, the same result has been
achieved by the election petitioner by filing a composite affidavit, both
in support of the averments made in the election petition and with regard
to the allegations of corrupt practices by the returned candidate. This
procedure is not contrary to law and cannot be faulted. Such a composite
affidavit would not only be in substantial compliance with the requirements
of the Act but would actually be in full compliance thereof. The filing of
two affidavits is not warranted by the Act nor is it necessary, especially
when a composite affidavit can achieve the desired result.”
19. The issue before this Court in this batch of appeals is whether the
election petition was accompanied by an affidavit which is compliant with
the requirement of statute under the proviso to Section 83(1)(c). For
answering the issue, it is incidentally necessary to determine whether the
ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits along with the election petition
to satisfy the requirement of the law.
20. Unfortunately, the High Court did not examine, when it passed the
orders dated 25.08.2014 or 18.03.2015, the question whether there were two
affidavits filed by the ELECTION PETITIONER along with the election
petition and whether the affidavit said to have been annexed to the
election petition at page nos.394-395 is compliant with the requirement of
stipulations under proviso to Section 83(1). At para 5 of the order dated
25.08.2014, the High Court recorded as follows:
“5. So far as the contention with respect to verification or affidavit is
concerned, it has been laid down by the Apex Court G.M. Siddeshwar v.
Prasanna Kumar, AIR 2013 SC 1549 that absolute compliance of format
affidavit is not necessary. Substantial compliance with format prescribed
is sufficient. In case there is any defect in affidavit or in its
verification, the same is curable and the same cannot be a sufficient
ground to dismiss the petition in limine. In the instant case, the
petitioner has not filed the affidavit in the prescribed Form 25 in
accordance with Rule 94-A of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. Since
the aforesaid defect is curable, same can be cured by filing affidavit in
the prescribed Form 25.”
We are sorry to note that the para commences with a clumsy statement “so
far as the contention with respect to verification or affidavit” and makes
an irrelevant reference to the G.M. Siddeshwar case (supra) and ultimately
records a conclusion without any discussion of the pleadings or evidence
that the ELECTION PETITIONER has not filed an affidavit in Form-25. It was
however ordered at para 6 of the order dated 25.08.2014:
“I do not find any ground for rejection of the petition in limine under
Order 7 Rule 11 of the CPC. Accordingly, I.A. No.43/2014, filed by the
respondent No.1 is hereby dismissed. The petitioner is directed to file
affidavit in Form 25 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 within 15 days
from the date of receipt of certified copy of the order. Respondent No.1
is also directed to file written statement within two weeks from the date
of receipt of certified copy of this order.”
It is a wholly unsatisfactory way of dealing with any issue in a judicial
proceeding and more so with election petitions. Election petitions deal
with the basic rights of the citizenry of this country. Election is a
“politically sacred” event and an election dispute is too serious a matter
to be dealt with casually. Therefore, the Parliament thought it fit to
entrust the adjudication of election disputes to the High Courts. It is
unfortunate that the learned Judge chose to deal with the matter so
casually. The result is that a finding that there was no affidavit in the
Form No.25 came to be recorded without recording any finding regarding the
existence or otherwise of the affidavit which is said to have been annexed
in the election petition at page nos.394 and 395 nor its content. Since the
Interlocutory Application was dismissed, the ELECTION PETITIONER had
neither a reason nor the necessity to challenge the correctness of the
findings recorded in the order as the decision is in his favour.
21. Aggrieved by the said order, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed the Review
Petition seeking review of the said order. The application hinged on the
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014 that “the petitioner has not
filed the affidavit in the prescribed Form No.25”. It is, therefore,
pleaded in the Review Petition that the direction of the High Court
permitting the ELECTION PETITIONER to cure the defect in the affidavit
filed along with the election petition is unsustainable and hence the order
dated 25.08.2014 is to be reviewed. Interestingly, in the rejoinder dated
24.12.2014 filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE to the reply of the ELECTION
PETITIONER dated 8.11.2014 in the said Review Petition, the RETURNED
CANDIDATE stated as follows:
“Para 4. That, the averments made in the petition were verified by the
petitioner as per verification clause; submitted an affidavit in support of
the petition and filed another affidavit under Form-25 at pages 394 and 395
of the Election Petition and the third affidavit dated 31.8.2014 pursuant
to order of the Hon’ble Court dated 25.8.2014.”
22. It is clear from the abovementioned pleading of the RETURNED
CANDIDATE that he is clearly aware of the fact that there were two
affidavits filed along with the election petition as averred by the
ELECTION PETITIONER in his petition. The said review application was
dismissed by order dated 18.03.2015. Aggrieved by the same, the RETURNED
CANDIDATE filed SLP No.11096 of 2015.
23. It is rather difficult to understand the order dated 18.03.2015.
There was an unnecessary examination of various authorities of the Supreme
Court without first settling the basic facts and identifying the issues.
The High Court extracted the content of an affidavit which according to the
ELECTION PETITIONER is an affidavit filed in compliance with the
requirement of Section 83(1)(c) but not the affidavit in Form 25 and
records a conclusion at para 6 as follows:
“6. A bare reading of earlier affidavit filed by the petitioner makes it
clear that the petitioner had covered all the pleadings in his affidavit
and no pleading was left which was not mentioned in the affidavit but what
was lacking was that the earlier affidavit was not in the prescribed Form
No.25 of the Rule 94-A of the Rules of 1961. Certainly, there was a non-
compliance of proviso to Section 83(1) of the Act of 1951 but Section 83(1)
of the Act of 1951 is not covered under Section 86 of the Act of 1951.”
Interestingly, at para 9, once again the High Court recorded a conclusion:
“9. As mentioned hereinabove, in the instant case substantial compliance
of Section 81(3) of the Act of 1951 has already been done by the petitioner
by filing first affidavit along with the petition but only defect was that
the affidavit was not in prescribed format, therefore, at the most it was a
non-compliance of Section 83(1) of the Act of 1951 and same is curable.
...”
The cryptic conclusions recorded in the order dated 18.03.2015 only add to
the existing confusion.
24. However, aggrieved by the conclusion that the affidavit was “not in
the prescribed Form-25”, the ELECTION PETITIONER preferred SLP No.15361 of
2015 on the ground that such a conclusion came to be recorded on an
erroneous identification of the affidavit. Aggrieved by the dismissal of
the Review Petition, the RETURNED CANDIDATE filed SLP No.11096 of 2015.
25. When the appeals were argued before this Court on 20.08.2015, the
ELECTION PETITIONER made a submission that two separate affidavits were
filed along with the election petition and the High Court’s observation
(supra) are based on an erroneous identification of the affidavit. The
RETURNED CANDIDATE took a stand that there was no 2nd affidavit as alleged
by the ELECTION PETITIONER in compliance with the proviso to Section 83(1)
of the RP Act filed along with the election petition.
26. In view of the abovementioned imprecise findings recorded by the High
Court without any reference to the pleadings or evidence on record and the
contradictory stands taken before this Court by the parties, this Court
thought it fit to adjourn the matter in order to enable the parties to seek
a clarification regarding the true state of facts whether there was one or
two affidavits filed along with the election petition[6].
27. Pursuant to the said order, the ELECTION PETITIONER filed I.A.
No.11665/2015 seeking clarifications from the Madhya Pradesh High Court.
The said I.A. was disposed of by an order dated 29.9.2015[7].
The High Court, recorded;
“37. On the basis of aforesaid discussion, the questions posed by the
Supreme Court in order dated 20-08-2015, are answered in the following
manner:
Question No. 1: Whether there was one affidavit or two affidavits filed
along with the election petition?
Answer: Two affidavits were filed along with election petition.
Question No. 2: The actual date when those affidavits were filed?
Answer: Both affidavits were filed on 20-01-2014, the date on which the
election petition was filed.
Question No. 3: Whether either of the two affidavits is filed in
compliance with the requirement of section 83(1)(c) of the Representation
of the People Act, 1951?
Answer: The affidavit at page nos. 394 & 395 of the election petition
is filed in compliance with the requirement of proviso appended to section
83(1)(c) of the Representation of People Act, 1951.
38. I.A. No. 11665/2015 stands disposed of accordingly.”
28. The said order is the subject matter of challenge in SLP No.31051 of
2015 filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE. Apart from the various grounds on
which the correctness of the findings recorded by the High Court are
challenged, the RETURNED CANDIDATE took a preliminary objection that the
order dated 29.9.2015 suffers from lack of jurisdiction and therefore, it
is required to be set aside on that ground alone[8].
29. According to the RETURNED CANDIDATE, I.A. No.11665 of 2015 ought to
have been heard by a Division Bench because of the stipulation contained in
Rule 13(2) of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh Rules, 2008. The said Rule
stipulates that any application seeking clarifications of an earlier order
of the Court passed by a learned Judge, who retired thereafter, ought to be
heard by a Division Bench[9] and Justice Solanki who passed the order in
the OR VII R 11 petition retired subsequently.
30. In response, it is submitted on behalf of the ELECTION PETITIONER
that:
i) such an objection was never raised by the RETURNED CANDIDATE before
the High Court when I.A. No.11665 of 2015 was being heard and therefore now
cannot be permitted to raise the same;
ii) that, the adjudication of an election petition is governed by Section
81A read with Section 86 of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951.
Non-compliance, if any, with the Rules of the High Court framed under
Article 225 does not render the order one without jurisdiction;
iii) that, I.A. No.11665 of 2015 is “more about clarification of record,
not clarification of order in strict sense”.
In other words, the clarification sought is not regarding either the
interpretation of the earlier orders or the legal implications of the
earlier orders but an enquiry into certain facts and the record of the High
Court pertaining to the election petition. Therefore, Rule 13 would have
no application.
(iv) That the requirement of a matter being heard by a Division Bench
under Rule 13(1)(b) is limited only to the cases of review, clarification
or modification of only judgments, decrees and final orders but not to the
interlocutory orders such as the order of which “clarification” was sought.
31. We reject the preliminary objection raised by the RETURNED CANDIDATE:
The Reason:
The adjudication of election petitions including the examination of all
incidental questions in interlocutory proceedings arising during the course
of the adjudication of the election petition is entrusted by Section 80A of
the Representation of People Act, 1951 to the High Court within whose
jurisdiction the election dispute arises. Section 80A(2) stipulates that
the jurisdiction shall be exercised ordinarily by a Single Judge who is to
be designated by the Chief Justice[10].
(a) Though the said Section indicates that the Chief Justice has a
discretion to entrust trial of an election petition to a Bench consisting
of more than one judges, such a discretion is to be exercised by the Chief
Justice alone.
(b) The Rules of the High Court are framed by the High Court pursuant to
the power vested in it under Article 225[11]. The exercise of such power is
subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the “provisions of any
law of the appropriate legislature”. Rule 13 mandates the listing of
certain matters (nature of which is described therein) before a Division
Bench. Such stipulation is contrary to the stipulation of Section 80A(2)
that election petitions are to be tried by a single judge of the High Court
leaving a discretion in the Chief Justice to decide whether in a given
case, an election petition shall be heard by more than one Judge. Such a
statutory discretion vested in the Chief Justice of the High Court cannot
be curtailed by a rule made as the High Court in view of the clear
declaration by the Constitution (in the opening clause of Article 225) that
“any rule shall be subject to the law made by the appropriate legislature”.
We are, therefore, of the opinion that the objection raised by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE is not tenable.
In view of the above conclusion, we do not wish to examine the other
defences of the ELECTION PETITIONER in this regard.
32. We now proceed to examine the appeals on their merits. The fate of
these appeals would eventually depend upon the answer to the questions:
Whether the ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits on 20.01.2014 at the
time of presenting the election petition, the second of which being the
affidavit (at page nos.394-395) referred to at Serial No.57A of the Index
appended to the election petition purportedly in Form 25 to satisfy the
requirement of law flowing from the proviso to Section 83(1); and if such
an affidavit was in fact filed on 20.01.2014 as contended by the ELECTION
PETITIONER whether such an affidavit satisfies the prescription contained
in Form 25.
33. By order dated 29.09.2015 in IA No.11665 of 2015, the High Court
recorded a finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER filed two affidavits along
with the election petition on 20.01.2014 (the date on which the election
petition was presented to the High Court). The High Court also recorded a
finding that the affidavit at page nos.394-395 of the election petition
which finds mention at Sr. No.57A in the index is “in compliance with the
requirement of proviso appended to section 83(1)(c) of the Representation
of People Act, 1951”.
34. If the abovementioned two findings are legally tenable, three appeals
(arising out of SLP Nos.33933 of 2014, 11096 of 2015 and 31051 of 2015)
filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE are to be dismissed and the appeal (arising
out of SLP No.15361 of 2015) filed by the ELECTION PETITIONER would have to
be allowed. Therefore, we proceed to examine the correctness of the
abovementioned findings recorded by the High Court.
35. The correctness of the said findings is contested by the RETURNED
CANDIDATE on the following grounds:
That at the earliest point of time, the High Court in its order dated
25.08.2014 recorded a finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER did not file the
affidavit in the prescribed Form 25. Therefore, the finding to the contra
in the order of the High Court dated 29.09.2015 is unsustainable.
II. In the order dated 25.08.2014, after recording a finding that the
ELECTION PETITIONER did not file an affidavit in Form 25, the High Court
recorded a further finding that such a defect is curable and, therefore,
directed the ELECTION PETITIONER to cure the defect by filing a fresh
affidavit in Form 25. The ELECTION PETITIONER without challenging the
correctness of the finding that he failed to file an affidavit in Form 25
along with the election petition chose to comply with the consequential
direction of filing afresh affidavit. Therefore, the ELECTION PETITIONER
is precluded from contending at a later stage that the finding recorded by
the High Court in its order dated 25.08.2014 is incorrect.
Rule 6(4) of the Rules relating to election petitions in the Madhya Pradesh
High Court requires:
“the Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall affix his full
signature to every page of the petition and the affidavit accompanying it.”
and the affidavit at page nos.394 and 395 of the election petition does not
contain the seal and signature of the Registrar of the High Court. Whereas
all the other pages of the election petition contain the seal and signature
of the Registrar. The absence of the seal and the signature of the
Registrar only on the affidavit at page nos.394-395 must necessarily lead
to an inference that such an affidavit must have been inserted in the
election petition sometime subsequent to the date of the presentation of
the election petition. Such an inference would be further strengthened by
the fact that in the index of the election petition, reference to the
affidavit at page nos.394-395 is made at Entry No.57-A in the index. The
said entry is an addition made in handwriting in an otherwise completely
typewritten index.
Hence there is non-compliance with the requirement of the mandate contained
in proviso to Section 83(1) warranting the dismissal of the election
petition in limine.
36. The ELECTION PETITIONER’s response to the above submissions of the
RETURNED CANDIDATE is:
(i) the High Court did not record any finding in its order dated
25.08.2014 regarding the existence or otherwise of the affidavit at page
nos.394-395 or the content of the said affidavit in spite of the specific
plea of the ELECTION PETITIONER. The High Court only recorded a vague
finding that the ELECTION PETITIONER “has not filed the affidavit in the
prescribed Form 25 in accordance with Rule 94A of the Conduct of Election
Rules, 1961”. It is not clear from the said order as to which one of the
two affidavits was in the mind of the High Court when it recorded such a
conclusion. The High Court should have recorded a categoric finding in
that regard in view of the specific pleading in the reply of the ELECTION
PETITIONER that the ELECTION PETITIONER had in fact filed a separate
affidavit to be found at page nos.394-395 to satisfy the requirement of law
under the proviso to Section 83(1)[12]. In the absence of any such
categoric finding it cannot be said that the findings recorded by the High
Court in its order dated 29.09.2015 are inconsistent with the earlier
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014.
(ii) that there was no occasion for the ELECTION PETITIONER to challenge
the said finding as the ultimate result of the order was in his favour. It
is also submitted that though the ELECTION PETITIONER did not challenge the
finding recorded by the High Court in its order dated 25.08.2014, the
ELECTION PETITIONER is entitled to dispute the correctness of the finding
as and when such a finding is sought to be pressed into service against
him.
(iii) Coming to the question of filing a fresh affidavit in obedience of
the consequential direction of the High Court, the ELECTION PETITIONER
submitted that such a course of action was pursued by him by way of
abundant caution.
(iv) It is submitted by the ELECTION PETITIONER with regard to the absence
of the signature of the Registrar on the affidavit at page nos.394-395 that
though it is the duty of the Registrar of the High Court to sign on each
page of the election petition and the affidavit filed alongwith the
election petition, if the Registrar failed in his duty the ELECTION
PETITIONER cannot be penalized by drawing an inference that the affidavit
was not presented along with the election petition. In this regard, the
ELECTION PETITIONER relied upon the well-settled principle of law that the
act (which includes an omission) of the court shall not prejudice the
rights of any party.
37. We reject submissions of the RETURNED CANDIDATE for the following
reasons:
(i) The 1st submission of the RETURNED CANDIDATE that the subsequent and
conflicting finding is not legally tenable, if at all is based on any legal
principle, it is based either on the doctrine of res judicata or some
principle analogous to it based on public policy that there must be
finality to the judicial orders. Even if the principle of res judicata is
invoked, (we only presume without examining the applicability of the same),
what is barred under Section 11 of CPC is the adjudication of an issue
which was directly and substantially in issue in a former suit between the
same parties and has been heard and finally decided.
(ii) The question whether two affidavits were filed along with the
Election petition though was not directly in issue as the RETURNED
CANDIDATE never filed a rejoinder (to the reply of the ELECTION PETITIONER
wherein it was stated that he had filed two affidavits alongwith the
election petition). In deciding the OR VII R 11 petition the High Court
never examined the question (it is an issue of fact) whether there were two
affidavits as pleaded by the ELECTION PETITIONER in his reply to the said
petition. We have already recorded that the order in OR VII R 11 petition
is too casual. It does not take note of either the facts in issue or
identify the point to be decided. Any finding of fact recorded in such
circumstances is required to be set aside if appealed against by the
aggrieved party if such an order is an appealable order. Since the learned
Judge dismissed the OR VII R 11 petition though the finding is adverse to
the ELECTION PETITIONER, he need not have filed an appeal[13].
(iii) Therefore, we do not see any legal principle on the basis of
which the RETURNED CANDIDATE can successfully contend that in view of the
finding recorded in the order dated 25.08.2014 the High Court could not
have recorded a finding in IA No.11665 of 2015 that two affidavits were
filed along with the Election petition.
We now deal with the submission of the RETURNED CANDIDATE regarding the
absence of the seal and signature of the Registrar of the High Court on the
affidavit at page nos.394-395.
a) The High Court in its order dated 29.9.2015 in I.A. No.11665 of 2015
recorded a finding:
“24. … However, the Registrar, in compliance with sub-rule (4) of rule 8,
has affixed his seal and signatures at every page of the election petition
and the affidavit at page no.70 and 71. However, no such seal or signature
of the Registrar is to be found upon the affidavit at page nos.394 & 395.
…”
Further, at para 25 of the order, it is recorded:
“25. In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that all official acts are
presumed to be properly done. It is true that affidavit at page nos.394 &
395 does not bear the seal or signatures of the Registrar; however, it
appears that it was not sealed and signed by the Registrar because it was
annexed almost at the end of the petition. Since, as per rules, documents
annexed to an election petition are not required to be signed and sealed by
the Registrar, none of the documents filed along with the petition from
serial No.72 to Serial No.393 bears his seal and signatures. Probably,
nobody pointed out to the Registrar that there is another affidavit at page
no.394; therefore, it was not sealed and signed like other documents.”
b) At the outset, it may be mentioned that there is a typographical
error in the abovementioned order. The relevant rule of the High Court
dealing with the matter is Rule 6(4) but not 8(4). Rule 6 reads as
follows:
“Chapter VII
Rules Relating to Election Petitions
Rule 6 (1) Every Election Petition complete in all respects, shall be
presented during the Court hours to the Additional Registrar or Deputy
Registrar Judicial, at Jabalpur.
(2) The name of the person presenting an Election petition, with a
description of the capacity in which he is presenting it, the date and hour
of presentation and any other particulars considered necessary shall be
endorsed in the margin of first page of the petition by the Additional
Registrar or Deputy Registrar under his own signature.
(3) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall have the petition
examined in order to find out that all the requirements of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951, and these rules have been complied
with.
(4) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar shall affix his full
signature to every page of the petition and the affidavit accompanying it.
(5) The Additional Registrar or Deputy Registrar, after examining the
petition, shall record his opinion on the opening order-sheet in the
following:—
“Presented on …….. by ……. Properly drawn up, apparently within time and
properly stamped.”
It can be seen from sub-rule (4) that the concerned Registrar “shall affix
his full signature to every page of the petition and the affidavit
accompanying it”.
c) The failure of the Registrar to comply with the requirement of sub-
rule (4) is sought to be explained by the High Court by saying that such a
lapse occurred probably because nobody pointed out to the Registrar
regarding the existence of affidavit at page nos.394-395. We are of the
opinion that such a conclusion is not tenable. Rule 6(4) casts a mandatory
duty on the Registrar to sign on each page of the election petition and
also the affidavit filed along with the election petition. Such a
mandatory duty must be performed irrespective of the fact whether somebody
points out to the Registrar or not regarding the existence of the
affidavit.
d) If the existence of the 2nd affidavit at page nos.394-395 of the
ELECTION PETITIONER is not in dispute but the question is whether the non-
compliance of the rule by the Registrar is fatal to the election petition,
perhaps the answer would be that “it is not”. Because it is the settled
proposition of law that the act or omission of the Court shall not harm any
party.
e) But when the question is whether such an affidavit was filed along
with the election petition on 20.01.2014, different considerations arise.
The question whether the ELECTION PETITIONER filed the 2nd affidavit is a
pure question of fact. The burden of proving such a fact in law is on the
ELECTION PETITIONER if such a question is really in issue. Because if he
failed, the allegations of the commission of corrupt practices by the
RETURNED CANDIDATE cannot be adjudicated in the absence of an affidavit in
Form 25. However, such a question was never in issue in OR VII R 11
petition.
38. As already noticed at para 10 (supra) at the earliest point during
the course of the proceedings of the election petition when the question
arose whether an affidavit in Form 25 was filed or not, the ELECTION
PETITIONER clearly took a stand that there was an affidavit at page nos.394
and 395. According to him, the said affidavit is in Form 25 contemplated
in proviso to Section 83(1). The RETURNED CANDIDATE never disputed the
statement (of the ELECTION PETITIONER) by filing a Rejoinder to the above-
mentioned stand taken in the ELECTION PETITIONER’s reply dated 11.7.2014 in
the OR VII R 11 petition. The RETURNED CANDIDATE admits that at least by
18.6.2014 - the date on which he received summons, a copy of the election
petition along with Annexures including the affidavit at page nos.394-395
of the election petition was available on record. But his case NOW is that
such an affidavit was not filed along with the election petition within the
period of limitation, but must have been inserted in the election petition
sometime in the interregnum period between 22.1.2014 (the date on which the
period of limitation for filing the election petition expired) and
18.6.2014.
39. But the objection of the RETURNED CANDIDATE in OR VII R 11 petition
was only that the “affidavit sworn and filed along with the petition by the
petitioner is not in conformity with Form 25 of the Conduct Rules, 1961.”
From the language of OR VII R 11 petition, it is clear that the RETURNED
CANDIDATE’s objection is only regarding the format and content of the
affidavit but not regarding the date of the filing of the affidavit, on the
other hand, the employment of the expression “along with” clearly indicates
that the RETURNED CANDIDATE also at that point of time accepted that the
affidavit at page nos.394-395 was presented on the same date i.e.
20.1.2014. Therefore, the question of proof of the fact which was never in
issue does not arise much less the question of burden of proof.
40. The fact that the ELECTION PETITIONER chose to file yet another
affidavit pursuant to the order dated 25.8.2014 is another circumstance
sought to be relied upon by the RETURNED CANDIDATE in support of his
submission that there was no second affidavit filed along with the election
petition.
41. We are of the opinion that in the circumstances of the case, the
inference such as the one suggested by the RETURNED CANDIDATE cannot be
drawn because the ELECTION PETITIONER in his reply to the OR VII R 11
petition (specifically stating that he had filed an affidavit in Form 25
along with the election petition) took a stand by way of abundant caution
that if the court comes to a conclusion that his affidavit is found to be
defective for any reason, he is willing to file further affidavit to cure
the defect. Unfortunately, the High Court took a shortcut without
examining the question whether the affidavit at page nos.394-395 satisfies
the requirement of Form 25 and (without recording a definite finding in
that regard) simply recorded a conclusion that the defect is curable and
the same can be cured by filing an affidavit in the Form 25”.
42. Mr. P.P. Rao, learned senior counsel submitted that the ELECTION
PETITIONER having availed the benefit of the order in OR VII R 11 petition
by filing another affidavit cannot now question the correctness of the
finding that he did not file an affidavit which is compliance with proviso
to Section 83(1). In support of the said submission, Mr. P.P. Rao relied
on two judgments i.e. State of Punjab & Others v. Krishan Niwas, (1997) 9
SCC 31 and Banku Chandra Bose & Another v. Marium Begum & Another, AIR
1917 Cal. 546.
43. In our opinion, the principle laid down in the said judgments is of
no relevance to the controversy on hand. The dispute on hand is regarding
the existence of a fact which was never in issue in OR VII R 11 petition.
The RETURNED CANDIDATE cannot shift his case from stage to stage. He
cannot now be permitted to raise such a question of fact in the absence of
an appropriate pleading and contend that the ELECTION PETITIONER is
precluded from arguing that he had filed a 2nd affidavit along with the
election petition by pressing into service a rule of estoppel.
44. In view of the foregoing discussion, Civil Appeal arising out of SLP
(Civil) No.31051 of 2015 being without any merits is dismissed. As a
consequence, Civil Appeals arising out of SLP (Civil) Nos.33933 of 2014 and
11096 of 2015 are also required to be dismissed and they are accordingly
dismissed.
45. Coming to the Civil Appeal arising out of SLP (Civil) No.15361 of
2015, the same is required to be allowed in view of the findings recorded
by the High Court in I.A. No.11665 of 2015 which has become final by virtue
of dismissal of Civil Appeal arising out of SLP (Civil) No.31051 of 2015.
The same is accordingly allowed.
46. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there will be no order as
to costs.
….………………………….J.
(J. Chelameswar)
…….……………………….J.
(Abhay Manohar Sapre)
New Delhi;
March 15, 2016.
-----------------------
[1] Admittedly the RETURNED CANDIDATE could not be served with the
summons in the normal course by the High Court. He appeared in the High
Court (admittedly) pursuant to the substituted service (paper publication).
The RETURNED CANDIDATE has an explanation for the same. The truth of the
explanation is not in issue.
[2] Para 6 of reply to the IA No.43 of 2014
“… Since the petitioner has also filed affidavit in support of the
election petition and has also filed an affidavit in the prescribed format,
therefore, there is no defect in this regard….”
[3] “Section 83. Contents of petition.—(1) An election petition—
Shall contain a concise statement of the material facts on which the
petitioner relies;
Shall set forth full particulars of any corrupt practice that the
petitioner alleges, including as full a statement as possible of the names
of the parties alleged to have committed such corrupt practice and the date
and place of the commission of each such practice; and
Shall be signed by the petitioner and verified in the manner laid
down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) for the verification
of pleadings;
Provided that where the petitioner alleges any corrupt practice, the
petition shall also be accompanied by an affidavit in the prescribed form
in support of the allegation of such corrupt practice and the particulars
thereof.
(2) Any schedule or annexure to the petition shall also be signed
by the petitioner and verified in the same manner as the petition.
[4] Order VI Rule 15. Verification of pleadings.— (1) Save as otherwise
provided by any law for the time being in force, every pleading shall be
verified at the foot by the party or by one of the parties pleading or by
some other person proved to the satisfaction of the court to be acquainted
with the facts of the case.
(2) The person verifying shall specify, by reference to the
numbered paragraphs of the pleading, what he verifies of his own knowledge
and what he verifies upon information received and believed to be true.
(3) The verification shall be signed by the person making it and
shall state the date on which and the place at which it was signed.
(4) The person verifying the pleading shall also furnish an
affidavit in support of his pleadings.
[5] Sub-rule (4) came to be inserted to the Code by Act 46 of 1999
[6] “The matters were argued at some length before us. Learned counsel
appearing for the RETURNED CANDIDATE has proceeded on the basis that there
is no affidavit at all as required under Section 83(1)(c) of the Act
whereas it is pointed out by learned counsel on behalf of ELECTION
PETITIONER that as a matter of fact two separate affidavits were filed
along with the election petition. The first being an affidavit in
compliance of requirement of the provisions under Order VI Rule 15(4) of
Civil Procedure Code and the second an affidavit in compliance with
requirement of Section 83(1)(c) of the Act. Xerox copies of both the
affidavits are available on record here.
The question whether there was one affidavit or two affidavits filed
along with the election petition as mentioned above, the actual date when
those affidavits were filed, whether either of the two affidavits is filed
in compliance with the requirement of Section 83(1)(c) of the Act or not
are matters for examination of the High Court. The High Court is required
to record definite findings in the event there is any dispute with respect
to the questions mentioned above. Unfortunately, the orders of the High
Court are cryptic and the findings recorded by the High Court (extracted
earlier in this order) are not clear with regard to the above mentioned
questions.”
[7] Challenging the correctness of the said order, SLP 31051/2015 is
filed by the RETURNED CANDIDATE.
[8] See Ground No.8 of SLP (C) No.31051 of 2015
“Whether the impugned order has been passed in violation of the
provisions of Chapter IV Rule 13 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court Rules,
2008? If yes, whether the impugned order is liable to be set aside on the
ground alone?”
[9] The relevant portion of Rule 13 reads as follows:-
“13. (1)(a) Save as provided in sub-rule (2), an application for
review, clarification or modification of a judgment, decree or final order,
passed by a Judge or Judges shall be heard by the same Judge or Judges:
Provided that such application filed in respect of an interlocutory
order in a pending case shall be posted before the regular bench.
(b) An application for review, clarification or modification of a
judgment, decree or final order, passed by a Judge or Judges who or one or
more of whom is or are –
(i) temporarily unavailable and in the opinion of the Chief
Justice, the application, looking to the urgency of the matter, cannot wait
for such Judge or Judges to resume work or,
(ii) permanently unavailable,
shall be heard
(1) if the decree or order, review of which is applied for, was
passed by a Judge sitting alone, by the regular division bench.”
[10] Sec. 80A(2) – Such jurisdiction shall be exercised ordinarily by a
single Judge of the High Court and the Chief Justice, shall, from time to
time, assign one or more Judges for that purpose.
Provided that where the High Court consists only of one Judge,
he shall try all election petitions presented to that Court.
[11] Article 225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.—Subject to the
provisions of this Constitution and to the provisions of any law of the
appropriate Legislature made by virtue of powers conferred on that
Legislature by this Constitution, the jurisdiction of, and the law
administered in, any existing High Court, and the respective powers of the
Judges thereof in relation to the administration of justice in the Court,
including any power to make rules of Court and to regulate the sittings of
the Court and of members thereof sitting alone or in Division Courts, shall
be the same as immediately before the commencement of this Constitution:
Provided that any restriction to which the exercise of original
jurisdiction by any of the High Courts with respect to any matter
concerning the revenue or concerning any act ordered or done in the
collection thereof was subject immediately before the commencement of this
Constitution shall no longer apply to the exercise of such jurisdiction.
[12] Exact content of reply of the ELECTION PETITIONER in this regard is
also extracted at para 10 supra.
[13] Hardevinder Singh v. Paramjit Singh, (2013) 9 SCC 261, para 21 at
page 268:
21. After the 1976 Amendment of Order 41 Rule 22, the insertion made
in sub-rule (1) makes it permissible to file a cross-objection against a
finding. The difference is basically that a respondent may defend himself
without taking recourse to file a cross-objection to the extent the decree
stands in his favour, but if he intends to assail any part of the decree,
it is obligatory on his part to file the cross-objection. In Banarsi v. Ram
Phal, (2003) 9 SCC 606, it has been observed that the amendment inserted in
1976 is clarificatory and three situations have been adverted to therein.
Category 1 deals with the impugned decree which is partly in favour of the
appellant and partly in favour of the respondent. Dealing with such a
situation, the Bench observed that in such a case, it is necessary for the
respondent to file an appeal or take cross-objection against that part of
the decree which is against him if he seeks to get rid of the same though
he is entitled to support that part of the decree which is in his favour
without taking any cross-objection. In respect of two other categories
which deal with a decree entirely in favour of the respondent though an
issue had been decided against him or a decree entirely in favour of the
respondent where all the issues had been answered in his favour but there
is a finding in the judgment which goes against him, in the pre-amendment
stage, he could not take any cross-objection as he was not a person
aggrieved by the decree. But post-amendment, read in the light of the
Explanation to sub-rule (1), though it is still not necessary for the
respondent to take any cross-objection laying challenge to any finding
adverse to him as the decree is entirely in his favour, yet he may support
the decree without cross-objection. It gives him the right to take cross-
objection to a finding recorded against him either while answering an issue
or while dealing with an issue. It is apt to note that after the amendment
in the Code, if the appeal stands withdrawn or dismissed for default, the
cross-objection taken to a finding by the respondent would still be
adjudicated upon on merits which remedy was not available to the respondent
under the unamended Code.