हिन्दू विवाह के लिए शर्तें (Conditions for a Hindu marriage)

Updated: Jan, 30 2021

हिन्दू विवाह

5. हिन्दू विवाह के लिए शर्तें - दो हिन्दुओं के बीच विवाह उस सूरत में अनुष्ठित किया जा सकेगा जिसमें कि निम्न शर्ते पूरी की जाती हों, अर्थात् –

(1) दोनों पक्षकारों में से किसी का पति या पत्नी विवाह के समय जीवित नहीं है।

(ii) विवाह के समय दोनों पक्षकारों में से कोई पक्षकार -

(क) चित्त विकृति के परिणामस्वरूप विधिमान्य सम्मति देने में असमर्थ न हो; या

(ख) विधिमान्य सम्मति देने में समर्थ होने पर भी इस प्रकार के या इस हद तक मानसिक विकार से ग्रस्त न हो कि वह विवाह और सन्तानोत्पति के अयोग्य हो; या

(ग) उसे उन्मत्तता का दौरा बार-बार पड़ता हो।

(iii) वर ने 21 वर्ष की आयु और वधू ने 18 वर्ष की आयु विवाह के समय पूरी कर ली है;

(iv) जब कि उन दोनों में से प्रत्येक को शासित करने वाली रूढ़ि या प्रथा से उन दोनों के बीच विवाह अनुज्ञात न हो, तब पक्षकार प्रतिषिद्ध नातेदारी की डिग्रियों के भीतर नहीं हैं;

(v) जब तक कि उनमें से प्रत्येक को शासित करने वाली रूढ़ि या प्रथा से उन दोनों के बीच विवाह अनुज्ञात न हो तब पक्षकार एक-दूसरे के सपिण्ड नहीं हैं।

नवीनतम निर्णय हेतु कृपया यहाँ क्लिक करें

CHAPTER II :

HINDU MARRIAGES

5. Conditions for a Hindu marriage - A marriage may be solemnized between any two Hindus, if the following conditions are fulfilled, namely -

(i) neither party has a spouse living at the time of the marriage;

(ii) at the time of the marriage, neither party

(a) is incapable of giving a valid consent to it in consequence of unsoundness of mind; or

(b) though capable of giving a valid consent, has been suffering from mental disorder of such a kind or to such an extent as to be unfit for marriage and the procreation of children; or

(iii) the bridegroom has completed the age of twenty-one years and the bride, the age of eighteen years at the time of the marriage;

(iv) the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;

(v) the parties are not sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;

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Commentary and Case Laws

सेक्शन 5 के अंतर्गत दो सपिन्दा अथवा प्रतिसिद्ध नातेदारी के बीच विवाह, उन प्रकरणों को छोड़कर जिसमे ऐसा किया जाना दोनों पक्षों के कस्टम अथवा रुढियों प्रचिलित में है , किसी भी पक्ष द्नवारा आवेदन प्रस्तुत करने पर शून्य होगा (Under Section 5,the marriage between tho Sapindas or within prohibited degree, unless the custom and usage of each of the party permits such a marriage, shall be void on a petition preferred by either party thereto) .[RATHNAMMA & ORS. VERSUS SUJATHAMMA & ORS.:SC dated 15.11.2019] -The Supreme Court has held that -

In the agreement of marriage (Ex.P/1), it is only stated that both parties are of same caste and with the permission and consent of both of their fathers, they have entered into this agreement of marriage. This type of marriage is not recognized in law as Section 7 of the Act contemplates that the marriage can be solemnized in accordance with customary rites and ceremonies of either party thereto and where such rites and ceremonies include the Saptpadi, the marriage becomes complete and binding when the seventh step is taken.
The plaintiff has not led any evidence of solemnization of marriage as provided under sub-clause (2) of Section 7 of the Act or by leading any evidence of customary rites and ceremonies. The burden to prove marriage was on the Plaintiff alone. The defendants have denied marriage of the Plaintiff, therefore, the burden to prove marriage was on the plaintiff alone. Apart from such fact, the marriage cannot be said to be taken place in terms of Section 5(v) of the Act which is to the effect that the parties are not sapindas to each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two. Such marriage is a void marriage but, on a petition, preferred by either party thereto.
Therefore, the question required to be examined is whether the alleged marriage which is between the persons of less than 21 years and 18 years and between the Prohibited degree is a valid marriage. The plaintiff will be entitled to the estate of Hanumanthappa only if she proves her valid marriage. The plaintiff has not pleaded any custom permitting marriage within the prohibited degree nor there is any proof of solemnization of any marriage by customary ceremonies and rites, therefore, the plaintiff will not be entitled to succeed only on the basis of alleged registration of an agreement of marriage.
In the present case, the plaintiff has not proved custom of marriage to her mother’s brother and/or judicial precedent recognizing such marriage. In the absence of any precedent or custom of such marriage, no judicial notice can be taken of a custom as argued by the learned counsel for the plaintiff. In the absence of any pleading or proof of custom, the argument that in Vokkaliga community, such marriage can be performed cannot be accepted as no judicial precedent was brought to the notice of the Court that such a custom exists in the Vokkaliga community nor there is any instance quoted in evidence of existence of such custom.
The entire case is based upon an agreement of marriage in which there is no assertion regarding solemnization of the customary ceremonies or the rites or that the parties had performed saptpadi in the manner contemplated under Section 7 of the Act, therefore, the plaintiff cannot succeed the estate of Hanumanthappa on the basis of a marriage which she has failed to prove.

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